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array:23 [ "pii" => "S1130862121001376" "issn" => "11308621" "doi" => "10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.10.041" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-11-01" "aid" => "1855" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U.. All rights reserved" "copyrightAnyo" => "2021" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Enferm Clin. 2021;31 Supl 3:511-4" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "itemSiguiente" => array:17 [ "pii" => "S1130862121001364" "issn" => "11308621" "doi" => "10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.10.040" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-11-01" "aid" => "1854" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Enferm Clin. 2021;31 Supl 3:515-20" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "The effects of using modified food utensils on the feeding skills of children with cerebral palsy" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "515" "paginaFinal" => "520" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 672 "Ancho" => 755 "Tamanyo" => 56386 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Handgripped drinking glasses.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Sri Hartini, Fitri Haryanti, Itsna Luthfi Kholisa, Sunartini" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Sri" "apellidos" => "Hartini" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Fitri" "apellidos" => "Haryanti" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Itsna Luthfi" "apellidos" => "Kholisa" ] 3 => array:1 [ "apellidos" => "Sunartini" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862121001364?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/11308621/00000031000000S3/v1_202111050750/S1130862121001364/v1_202111050750/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1130862121001388" "issn" => "11308621" "doi" => "10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.10.042" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-11-01" "aid" => "1856" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U." "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Enferm Clin. 2021;31 Supl 3:505-10" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Factors correlating with parenting stress among mothers of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD)" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "505" "paginaFinal" => "510" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Sri Hartini, Susi Roida Simanjuntak, Retno Sutomo" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Sri" "apellidos" => "Hartini" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Susi Roida" "apellidos" => "Simanjuntak" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Retno" "apellidos" => "Sutomo" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1130862121001388?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/11308621/00000031000000S3/v1_202111050750/S1130862121001388/v1_202111050750/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:19 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>" "titulo" => "Quality of life among patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease in RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "511" "paginaFinal" => "514" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Fa Zada Paramitha, Melyza Perdana, Anggi Lukman Wicaksana" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Fa Zada" "apellidos" => "Paramitha" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Melyza" "apellidos" => "Perdana" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "melyza.perdana@ugm.ac.id" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Anggi Lukman" "apellidos" => "Wicaksana" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Bachelor of Nursing Student, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the world's health priorities because of its increasing prevalence, poor outcome, and high financing. Globally, approximately 200 million people diagnosed with CKD and the mortality rate reaches 31.7%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Moreover, CKD was ranks 17th in cause of death in the world. Patients with chronic kidney disease in Indonesia 504,248 people or 0.2% of the total population of Indonesia in 2014.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Chronic kidney disease ranks the 9th highest cause of death in Indonesia and number 1 disease claimed by society to BPJS with funds reached up to 16 billion rupiah while Yogyakarta itself occupies the third position of the number of patients with the most chronic kidney disease in Indonesia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">CKD in early stage, especially in those who have not undergone dialysis often gets limited attention even though there are many problems that begin to arise.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Complaints and disorders occur from stages 1 to 3 and continue to increase at the higher stage. Fatigue, muscle weakness, anxiety, cramps, itching, nausea, and lack of appetite are frequently reported symptoms. Other conditions such as anemia, malnutrition, depression, physical and sexual function, reduced social interaction, and sleep disturbances also affect the patient's quality of life.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,7</span></a> Low quality of life in many patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease is associated with a faster disease progression, susceptibility to complications of cardiovascular disease, and higher mortality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Therefore, it is important to determine the quality of life since the early stage CKD patients.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nowdays, there have not been many studies raised regarding the quality of life of patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9,10</span></a> The purpose of this study is to determine the demographic and quality of life of patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Methods</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted in Interna Polyclinic RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. As many as 91 respondent that met inclusion criteria were recruited. The inclusions criteria include patients aged more than 18 y/o who are diagnosed with CKD stage 1–5, have not undergone routine kidney replacement therapy, the creatinine serum more than 1.5, and willing to become respondents. Any patients with cognitive and mental disorders were excluded.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research used KDQOL 36 instrument to measure the quality of life of patients with kidney disease. This instrument consists of 5 domains and 36 questions. Domains in this instrument include the physical component, mental components, disease burden, signs and problems, and the effects of disease. One of the questions in this instrument is a specific question for those who are undergoing hemodialysis patients or CAPD. Therefore, this question was excluded considering the participants in this study were patients who had not renal replacement therapy yet.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data in this study were analyzed using Microsoft Excel templates to analyze each domain which provided by RAND. SPSS was used to analyze the demographic data of respondents.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine UGM with the number KE/FK/1126/EC/2017. Prior to the data collection, the researcher explained about the research to the respondents, and also the respondents signed an informed consent.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Result and discussion</span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Result</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study measures data related to respondents's demographic data, quality of life in each domain, and different tests for each domain with respondent's demographic data.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study, there are several data that have a high enough difference with each other such as gender, age, marital status, distance to hospital, and insurance while other demographic data tends to have almost the same distribution in each category. Most of the respondents in this study were diagnosed CKD Stage III, male, aged less than 65 years old, married, working, and have less than 12 years of education.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The highest value of KDQOL is in the effect of kidney disease (EKD) (84.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14.4). And MCS domain had the lowest mean score which is (39.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8.9) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005">Tables 1 and 2</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discussion</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Most of the respondents participated in this study were male. Male patients have a higher level of incidence and development of CKD than females.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> Morphologically, men have larger kidneys than women. At the molecular level, men tend to have larger mitochondria and more lysosomes and ribosomes. It affects males’ renal filtration rate in predialysis CKD patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The average age of patients with CKD is 60.3 years old considered as the elderly stage. An increased age is directly proportional to a decreased kidney function. In another country, CKD in early stage found at 60–69 (53.8%) years old and end stage found at more than 70 years old (1.3%). At the age of more than 30 years old, there is a decrease in renal cortical thickness and also a decrease in renal filling rate.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Age affects the decline in renal mass and forms of nephrosclerosis or changes in morphometric aspects.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Married patients also dominated the number of respondents with chronic kidney disease. In Indonesia, in Indonesia, the number of married couples from 2006 to 2016 ranged from 300 thousand to 2 million couples.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Respondents who have received education up to academy or undergraduate level are almost 50%. Patients with higher education levels aware the importance of treatment so that many patients seek treatment before kidney disease goes to the terminal stage.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Interestingly, most of the respondents in this study were diagnosed CKD stage III. The majority of kidney severity was in stage of III.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The stage of CKD was considered by calculating the glomerular filtration rate using the Cockcroft-Gault considering the creatinine level. Creatinine is also a substance to measure kidney filtration rate in determining the severity of kidney disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> The average creatinine rate in this study is rather high, 2.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/dL. Early state CKD most of the time is ignored by the health care professional nor the patients. Interestingly, most of the patients with CKD stage III in this study did not know that they current disease affect their kidney function. Possibly, because most of the patient has not experienced significant physical symptoms related to their kidney function. Even tough, some disorders have begun to appear.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Many patients in this study had diabetes mellitus as their comorbid. This is in line with previous research which states that nearly 40% of DM patients can develop kidney disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> In patient with diabetes, small blood vessels are injured and it's caused the kidney can’t clean blood properly. Furthermore, diabetes can damage nerves and it's make bladder difficulty emptied.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> They routinely see the physician to check their condition. Unfortunately, the healthcare professional also did not pay attention with the lowering score of GFR in patients’ laboratory result, when the creatinine level has started to increase. Therefore, most of the patients also do not realize that they had a decreasing function in the kidney.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Quality of life for patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study is aimed to identify the quality of life among patients who has not undergoing hemodialysis. Overall, three domains in KDQOL showed a lower score compared to the previous research. The lowest score of the QoL is in the physical health domain. The average of physical component in the study much more lower comparing many previous study.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> This difference is possible because of the factors affecting the physical itself. This study revealed that many patients had a decreasing physical activity and also many patients used wheelchair. This condition limits their daily activities. Physical function, such as knee muscle strength, maximum motion velocity, and tolerance in exercise, decrease accordingly to the stage of kidney disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Interestingly, the best item in physical health component is how pain interfere normal work. Most of patient did not complaining any pain in their daily live.</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mental health domain in this study is slightly lower than most of previous research. Eventhough more than 75% patients were happy and optimistic, most of them feel less energetic. This may associate with the decreasing hemoglobin level. Patients with CKD started experiencing anemia due to decreased kidney function.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> Anemia put the patients at risk of decreasing social activity and causing some mental health problems. The mental aspects possessed by patients with chronic kidney disease include depression, difficulty in adjusting, and low self-esteem.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> The low mental domain in this study in line with the study by Clarke et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> which states that patients with predialysis CKD have experienced emotional problems even since the early stages of disease progression.</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The score burden kidney disease (BKD) and effect of kidney disease (EKD) domain are higher than previous research. Respondents in current study has less burden in kidney disease and at the global level, the burden of chronic kidney disease continues to increase.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> This condition may due to mental and financial burden experienced by patients with late-stage chronic kidney disease that having kidney replacement therapy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> The difference score is possible because in this study many patients were unaware that the patient had kidney disease. Patients who do not realize that they have kidney disease do not feel too burdened. Moreover, they used to adapt with the current diseases that have been going on for years before. Unawareness of patients related to kidney disease is a global challenge. Only 20% of patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension that realize that the current disease can develop into kidney disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> The EKD domain is the highest score. The high score in this domain possible because of not many prohibition that must be followed by patients as it relates to nutritional intake. In addition, in this study patients can still do light activities around the house (gardening, walking) and also do not depend on medical staff.</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The average score of the symptom and problem domain (S/P) was lower than others study.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,6,12</span></a> Patients with early-stage kidney disease usually do not experience striking physical problems.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Physical problems will increase when the severity of the disease increases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> Many patients of this study did not report any specific problems and symptoms due to kidney health. In addition, patients tend to find it difficult to identify problems because the physical symptoms that they feel are associated with other diseases.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Conclusion and recommendation</span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusion</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease in RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta are dominated by CKD stage 3, however most of them did not realized this condition. Therefore, burden of disease, symptoms/problems, and the effects of disease remained high. Most of the patients did not experiencing specific symptom and problems related to decreasing kidney function. On the other hand, they complained poorer physical and mental health because they feel less energetic. Actually, the kidney function was decreasing however no health care profession explicitly explain their current condition. The patients thought that this condition just related to their current diseases.</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Recommendation</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The quality of life of patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease is considered poor because there are several domains in KDQOL 36 with a low score. Therefore, it needs to get more attention.</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1605811" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1437178" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Result and discussion" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Result" ] ] ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Quality of life for patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease" ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Conclusion and recommendation" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Recommendation" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack565917" "titulo" => "Acknowledgement" ] 11 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2020-10-08" "fechaAceptado" => "2020-10-13" "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1437178" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Quality of life" 1 => "Predialysis" 2 => "Chronic kidney disease" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of world priority due to the increasing prevalence and poor outcome. Most of the patients experiencing problem and symptom since the early stage, however most of the previous study focusing on the patients that has undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT). Thus, this study aimed to explore the quality of life among patients with CKD that has not undergoing routine RRT. A cross sectional study was conducted among 91 patients in chronic kidney disease who had not undergone dialysis. Quality of life was measure using KDQOL (Kidney Disease Quality of Life) 36 questionnaire. Clinical and laboratory were also recorded. It was revealed that most of the patients were on CKD stage 3 with diabetes as the comorbid. The highest score of the QoL is in domain effect of kidney disease (84.1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14.41) followed by sign and symptom problems domain (80.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13.8); burden of kidney diseases (73.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>28.7). While the mental and physical health component domain were the lowest score (39.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8.89 & 46.8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9.4) most of patients.</p></span>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 3rd International Joint Conference on Nursing Science (IJCNS). Full-text and the content of it is under responsibility of authors of the article.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Frequency (%)</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(69.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">28 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(30.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age</span></td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">60.3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><65 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(68.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>>65 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">29 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(31.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Marital status</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Married \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(78.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Not married \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(21.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Educational status</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><12 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(55.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>>12 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">41 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(45.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Work status</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Not working \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(36.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Working \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">58 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(63.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Stage of disease</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Stage II \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(6.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Stage III \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">46 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(50.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Stage IV \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(27.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Stage V \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(15.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comorbidity</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">55 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(60.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Non DM \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">36 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">(39.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Laboratorium</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hemoglobin (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>66) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>BUN (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>85) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27.9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Creatinin (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>88) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2739156.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>91).</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Domain \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">St. Deviasi (±) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Min. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Max. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Physical Health Component (PCS) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">39.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Mental Health Component (MCS) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">46.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">65.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Burden of Kidney Disease (BKD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">73.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">28.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Symptom and problem (SP) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">80.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Effect of Kidney Disease (EKD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">84.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">100.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2739155.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Quality of life of patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:22 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Global prevalence of chronic kidney disease – a systematic review and meta-analysis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "N. 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