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Vol. 28. Issue 1.
Pages 65-74 (January - February 2018)
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Vol. 28. Issue 1.
Pages 65-74 (January - February 2018)
Evidence-based nursing. Review
Overweight and obesity: Effectiveness of interventions in adults
Sobrepeso y obesidad: eficacia de las intervenciones en adultos
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Juana María Gómez Puentea,
Corresponding author
jgomezp@salud.madrid.org

Corresponding author.
, Mercedes Martínez-Marcosb
a Centro de Salud San Carlos, San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Madrid, Spain
b Sección Departamental de Enfermería, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Table 1. Summary of articles selected included in the review.
Abstract
Objective

To identify the most effective interventions in overweight and obese adults.

Method

A narrative review through a search of the literature in databases PubMed, Cochrane, Joanna Briggs Institute, EMBASE, Cuiden y Cinahl with free and controlled language (MeSH terms) using Boolean operators AND and NOT. The research was limited to articles published between 2007 and 2015. Eighteen articles were selected based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results

Different types of interventions were identified based on the modification of lifestyles, mainly diet, physical activity and behaviour. Major differences were found in specific content, degree of intensity of interventions, time tracking and elements evaluated. Most of studies found statistically significant weight loss but this was limited in terms of weight and number of people. Web-based interventions have no uniform effect on weight loss but achieve similar levels to face-to-face interventions in maintaining weight loss.

Conclusions

The combination of personalised diet, exercise and cognitive behavioural therapy is the most effective form of intervention in overweight and obesity. There is insufficient data to indicate whether group or individual interventions are more effective. Online intervention allows greater accessibility and lower cost.

Keywords:
Obesity
Intervention
Adults
Resumen
Objetivo

Identificar las intervenciones más efectivas en adultos con sobrepeso y obesidad.

Método

Revisión narrativa mediante búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane, Instituto Joanna Briggs, EMBASE, Cuiden y Cinahl con lenguaje libre y controlado (términos MeSH) utilizando los operadores booleanos AND y OR. La búsqueda se limitó a artículos publicados entre 2007-2015. Se seleccionaron 18 en función de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos.

Resultados

Se identificaron distintos tipos de intervenciones basadas en la modificación de los estilos de vida, fundamentalmente dieta, actividad física y la esfera del comportamiento, encontrándose grandes diferencias en cuanto a contenidos específicos, grado de intensidad de las intervenciones, tiempo de seguimiento y elementos evaluados. En la mayoría de los estudios se consiguen pérdidas de peso estadísticamente significativas pero limitadas en cuanto a peso y número de personas. Las intervenciones que utilizan Internet no tienen un efecto uniforme en la pérdida de peso. En el mantenimiento logran niveles similares al de cara a cara.

Conclusiones

La combinación de dieta, ejercicio y terapia cognitivo-conductual es la forma más eficaz de intervención en el sobrepeso y la obesidad. No existen datos suficientes para señalar la intervención grupal o individual como más efectivas. La intervención online permite una mayor accesibilidad y menor coste.

Palabras clave:
Obesidad
Intervención
Adulto

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