Buscar en
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
Toda la web
Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Grado de cumplimiento y determinantes de las recomendaciones sobre la higiene de...
Información de la revista
Vol. 25. Núm. 6.
Páginas 369-375 (Julio 2007)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 25. Núm. 6.
Páginas 369-375 (Julio 2007)
Originales
Acceso a texto completo
Grado de cumplimiento y determinantes de las recomendaciones sobre la higiene de manos
Compliance with hand hygiene guidelines and determinants of compliance
Visitas
11479
José Sánchez-Payá
Autor para correspondencia
sanchez_jos@gva.es

Correspondencia: Dr. J. Sánchez-Payá. Unidad de Epidemiología. Servicio de Medicina Preventiva. Hospital General Universitario de Alicante. Pintor Baeza, s/n. 03010 Alicante. España.
, M.ª Dolores Galicia-García, Rebeca M.ª Gracia-Rodríguez, Concepción García-González, Marina Fuster-Pérez, Nieves López-Fresneña, Félix Avendaño-Corcoles, Antonio González-Torga
Servicio de Medicina Preventiva. Hospital General Universitario de Alicante. España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Introducción

Un indicador básico para evaluar un programa de mejora de la higiene de manos (HM) es el grado de cumplimiento de las recomendaciones dadas para su realización, el objetivo del trabajo es conocer éste y sus factores determinantes en un hospital general.

Métodos

Se han realizado 166 períodos de observación de una hora de duración distribuidos en los tres turnos de trabajo y en todas las unidades de hospitalización, registrándose 3.957 oportunidades de realización de la HM. Se han recogido variables asociadas al período de observación, al profesional y a la propia actividad. Para estudiar la asociación entre las variables explicativas y la no realización de la HM se ha utilizado la chi cuadrado y se ha calculado la odds ratio (OR) cruda y la OR ajustada con un modelo de regresión logística.

Resultados

La frecuencia de realización de la HM es de un 30% y varía según el tipo de actividad de un 8,9 a un 60,5%. Los factores de riesgo de no realización de la HM que tienen un efecto independiente mayor son: la no disposición de solución alcohólica en formato de bolsillo (OR: 2,3 [1,7-3,3]); la realización de las actividades en unidades quirúrgicas (OR: 2,6 [2,0-3,3]); las actividades de antes de entrar en contacto con el paciente (OR: 3,2 [2,4-4,2]), y la utilización de guantes durante la actividad (OR: 2,2 [1,6-3,2]).

Conclusión

La frecuencia de realización de la HM es baja pero existen factores que son potencialmente modificables si se interviene sobre ellos, como por ejemplo, el nivel de conocimientos del personal sanitario sobre la HM.

Palabras clave:
Higiene de manos
Grado de cumplimiento
Factores determinantes
Introduction

A basic indicator for assessing a program aimed at improving hand hygiene (HH) is the degree of compliance with the recommendations established for this purpose. The aim of this study is to investigate this indicator and related determinant factors in a general hospital.

Methods

We performed 166 observation periods of one hour's duration, distributed over three work shifts and covering all the hospitalization units; 3957 HH opportunities were recorded. Variables associated with the observation period, the professionals involved and the medical activity taking place were also recorded. The Chi-square test, and calculation of the raw OR and the adjusted OR with a logistic regression model were used to study associations between the variables studied and failure to perform HH.

Results

The overall frequency of HH activity was 30%, ranging from 8.9% to 60.5% depending on the professional tasks involved. The most important independent risk factors for failure to perform HH were the following: no availability of alcohol in a pocket size bottle (OR: 2.3 [1.7-3.3]); medical activities carried out in the surgical unit (OR: 2.6 [2.0-3.3]); activities taking place before entering into contact with patients (OR: 3.2 [2.4-4.2]); and use of gloves during the activity (OR: 2.2 [1.6-3.2]).

Conclusion

The frequency of HH is low, but there are several potentially modifiable factors involved, which could improve with interventions. One example might be better education of hospital personnel on the importance of HH.

Key words:
Hand hygiene
Compliance
Determinant factors
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
R.K. Albert, F. Condie.
Hand-washing patterns in medical intensive-care units.
N Engl J Med, 304 (1981), pp. 1465-1466
[2.]
P.M. Dubbert, J. Dolce, W. Richter, M. Miller, S.W. Chapman.
Increasing ICU staff handwashing: effects of education and group feedback.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 11 (1990), pp. 191-193
[3.]
W.R. Jarvis.
Handwashing-the Semmelweis lesson forgotten.
Lancet, 344 (1994), pp. 1311-1312
[4.]
B.L. Thompson, D.M. Dwyer, X.T. Ussery, S. Denman, P. Vacek, B. Schwartz.
Handwashing and glove use in a long-term care facility.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 18 (1997), pp. 97-103
[5.]
D. Pittet, S. Dharan, S. Touveneau, V. Sauvan, T.V. Perneger.
Bacterial contamination of the hands of hospital staff during routine patient care.
Arch Intern Med, 159 (1999), pp. 821-826
[6.]
D. Pittet.
Improving compliance with hands hygiene in hospitals.
Infect Control Hospital Epidemiol, 21 (2002), pp. 381-386
[7.]
D. Pittet, P. Mourouga, T.V. Perneger.
Compliance with handwashing in a teaching hospital. Infection Control Program.
Ann Intern Med, 130 (1999), pp. 126-130
[8.]
D. Pittet, S. Hugonnet, S. Harbarth, P. Mourouga, V. Sauvan, S. Touveneau, et al.
Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene. Infection Control Programme.
Lancet, 356 (2000), pp. 1307-1312
[9.]
C. Salemi, M.T. Canola, E.K. Eck.
Hand washing and physicians: how to get them together.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 23 (2002), pp. 32-35
[10.]
J.M. Boyce, D. Pittet, Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Cave Settings.
Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force.
MMWR Recomm Rep, 51 (2002), pp. 1-45
[11.]
M.D. Arenas Jiménez, J. Sánchez-Payá, C. González, F. Rivera, A. Antolín.
Audit on the degree of application of universal precautions in a haemodialysis unit.
Nephrol Dial Transplant, 14 (1999), pp. 1001-1003
[12.]
M.D. Arenas, J. Sánchez-Payá, G. Barril, J. García-Valdecasas, J.L. Gorriz, A. Soriano, et al.
A multicentric survey of the practice of hand hygiene in haemodialysis units: factors affecting compliance.
Nephrol Dial Transplant, 20 (2005), pp. 1164-1171
[13.]
Hand Hygiene Resource Center at the Hospital of Saint Raphael in New Haven, Connecticut [consultada el 28-02-06]. Disponible en: http://www.handhygiene.org/downloads/HHMonitoring
[14.]
VA National Center for Patient Safety (NCPS), Veterans Health Administration (VHA) [consultada el 28-02-06]. Disponible en: http://www.patientsafety.gov/SafetyTopics/HandHygiene/HHObservationTool.doc
[15.]
R. Girard, K. Amazian, J. Fabry.
Better compliance and better tolerance in relation to a well-conducted introduction to rub-in hand disinfection.
J Hosp Infect, 47 (2001), pp. 131-137
[16.]
S. Hugonnet, T.V. Perneger, D. Pittet.
Alcohol-based handrub improves compliance with hand hygiene in intensive care units.
Arch Intern Med, 162 (2002), pp. 1037-1043
[17.]
B.C. Camins, V.J. Fraser.
Reducing the risk of health care-associated infections by complying with CDC hand hygiene guidelines.
Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf, 31 (2005), pp. 173-179
[18.]
S.A. Creedon.
Health care workers’ hand decontamination practices: an Irish study.
Clin Nurs Res, 15 (2006), pp. 6-26
[19.]
D.M. Zerr, A.L. Allpress, J. Heath, R. Bornemann, E. Bennett.
Decreasing hospital-associated rotavirus infection: a multidisciplinary hand hygiene campaign in a children's hospital.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 24 (2005), pp. 397-403
[20.]
K. Amazian, T. Abdelmoumene, S. Sekkat, S. Terzaki, M. Njah, L. Dhidah, Nosomed Network, et al.
Multicentre study on hand hygiene facilities and practice in the Mediterranean area: results from the NosoMed Network.
J Hosp Infect, 62 (2006), pp. 311-318
[21.]
R. Saba, D. Inan, D. Seyman, G. Gul, Y.Y. Senol, O. Turhan, et al.
Hand hygiene compliance in a hematology unit.
Acta Haematol, 113 (2005), pp. 190-193
[22.]
C. Wendt, D. Knautz, H. Von Baum.
Differences in hand hygiene behavior related to the contamination risk of healthcare activities in different groups of healthcare workers.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 25 (2004), pp. 187-188
[23.]
T.W. Wong, W.W. Tam.
Handwashing practice and the use of personal protective equipment among medical students after the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong.
Am J Infect Control, 33 (2005), pp. 580-586
[24.]
M.J. Bittner, E.C. Rich, P.D. Turner, W.H. Arnold Jr..
Limited impact of sustained simple feedback based on soap and paper towel consumption on the frequency of hand washing in an adult intensive care unit.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 23 (2002), pp. 120-126
[25.]
P.W. Kim, M.C. Roghmann, E.N. Perencevich, A.D. Harris.
Rates of hand disinfection associated with glove use, patient isolation, and changes between exposure to various body sites.
Am J Infect Control, 31 (2003), pp. 97-103
[26.]
A.C. Simon.
Hand hygiene, the crusade of the infection control specialist. Alcohol-based handrub: the solution!.
Acta Clin Belg, 59 (2004), pp. 189-193
[27.]
D. Pittet.
The Lowbury lecture: behaviour in infection control.
J Hosp Infect, 60 (2005), pp. 90-91
[28.]
G. Kampf.
The six golden rules to improve compliance in hand hygiene.
J Hosp Infect, 56 (2004), pp. 3-5
[29.]
E.L. Larson, A.E. Aiello, J.P. Cimiotti.
Assessing nurses’ hand hygiene practices by direct observation or self-report.
J Nurs Meas, 12 (2004), pp. 77-85
[30.]
D. Pittet.
Clean hands reduce the burden of disease.
[31.]
D. Pittet, L. Donaldson.
Clean care is safer care: a worldwide priority.
Lancet, 366 (2005), pp. 1246-1247
Copyright © 2007. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos