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Vol. 51. Núm. 9.
Páginas 497-505 (Noviembre 2004)
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Vol. 51. Núm. 9.
Páginas 497-505 (Noviembre 2004)
Acceso a texto completo
Los productos de Amadori como mediadores de disfunción endotelial en la diabetes mellitus
Amadori Products As Mediators Of Endothelial Dysfunction In Diabetes Mellitus
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C.F. Sáncheza,*, C. Peiróa, L. Rodríguezb
a Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid
b Unidad de Investigación y Servicio de Geriatría. Hospital Universitario de Getafe. Getafe. Madrid. España
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Vascular complications are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes mellitus. Endothelial dysfunction is the first link in the chain of physiopathological mechanisms leading to diabetic vasculopathy, both in large blood vessels (macroangiopathy) and small vessels (microangiopathy). Endothelial dysfunction (reduction in endothelial-dependent vasodilator response with or without an increase in vasoconstrictor responses) is associated with the maintenance of sustained hyperglycemia and an increase in oxidative stress in diabetes. Several mechanisms that might increase levels of reactive oxygen species and produce alterations in endothelial function have been studied. In this context, it has been proposed that hyperglycemia per se is able to produce this effect. However, most researchers suggest that the sustained increase in plasma glucose levels modifies different enzyme pathways, which in turn cause an increase oxidative stress and eventually endothelial dysfunction. Thus, enzymes such as aldose-reductase, protein kinase-C, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, as well as endothelin receptors, among other mechanisms, have been implicated. In addition, nonenzymatic mechanisms, such as protein glycosylation, as a source of reactive oxygen species, with special attention paid to glycosylation end products, the socalled advanced glycosylation end products, have been proposed. However, for several years our group has maintained the hypothesis that early and intermediate glycosylation products (Amadori products) are able to release reactive oxygen species and may play an important role in the development of endothelial dysfunction and, eventually, diabetic vasculopathy.

Key words:
Diabetes mellitus
Endothelial dysfunction
Glycosylated proteins
Reactive oxygen species

Las complicaciones vasculares son la primera causa de morbimortalidad en la diabetes mellitus. La disfunción endotelial es el primer eslabón en la cadena de mecanismos fisiopatológicos que conducen a la vasculopatía diabética, tanto en vasos de conductancia (macroangiopatía) como de resistencia (microangiopatía). La disfunción endotelial (la reducción de las respuestas vasodilatadoras dependientes de endotelio, con o sin aumento de las respuestas vasoconstrictoras) es un fenómeno que se asocia con el mantenimiento de hiperglucemias sostenidas y el incremento del estrés oxidativo de la diabetes. Se han estudiado múltiples mecanismos que pueden aumentar los valores de especies reactivas de oxígeno y producir alteraciones de la función endotelial. En este sentido, se ha propuesto que la propia hiperglucemia per se es capaz de producir este efecto. Sin embargo, la mayor parte de los investigadores manifiesta que el aumento sostenido de los valores plasmáticos de glucosa modifica diferentes vías enzimáticas que, a su vez, originan un incremento del estrés oxidativo y eventualmente disfunción endotelial. Así, se han implicado enzimas como la aldosa-reductasa, la proteincinasa C, la polimerasa poli(ADP-ribosa), así como los receptores de endotelina, entre otros mecanismos. También se han propuesto mecanismos no enzimáticos, como la glucosilación de proteínas, como fuente de especies reactivas de oxígeno, con especial atención a los productos finales del proceso de glucosilación, los denominados productos terminales de glucosilación avanzada. Sin embargo, nuestro grupo mantiene desde hace años la hipótesis de que los productos tempranos e intermedios del proceso de glucosilación proteínica (los productos de Amadori) son capaces de liberar especies reactivas de oxígeno y pueden tener un papel relevante en el desarrollo de la disfunción endotelial y, eventualmente, de la vasculopatía diabética.

Palabras clave:
Diabetes mellitus
Disfunción endotelial
Proteínas glucosiladas
Especies reactivas de oxígeno
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