Información del artículo
La miostatina es una proteína perteneciente a la familia del factor de crecimiento de transformación (TGF)-β, que desempeña un papel fundamental en el control del desarrollo muscular. Como ocurre con el resto de miembros de la familia del TGF-β, la miostatina se sintetiza en forma de un precursor inactivo que ha de tener un procesamiento proteolítico para dar lugar a la forma madura. La miostatina se expresa de forma casi exclusiva en el músculo esquelético donde actúa de forma autocrina/paracrina al inhibir el desarrollo muscular. En ratones, el bloqueo de la miostatina produce un marcado aumento de la masa muscular y una disminución de la adiposidad. Este efecto sobre el ejido adiposo es tan marcado que el bloqueo de la miostatina es incluso capaz de revertir la obesidad en diversas cepas de ratones. Debido a estas acciones, se está comenzando a estudiar el uso de fármacos apaces de bloquear la miostatina para la prevención y el tratamiento de la obesidad, la diabetes tipo 2, y en enfermedades en las que es necesario favorecer el anabolismo muscular (como ocurre en algunas distrofias musculares o en los cuadros de caquexia).
Palabras clave:
Obesidad
Miostatina
Desarrollo muscular
Myostatin is a protein belonging to the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family, which plays a major role in controlling muscular development. As occurs with other members of the TGF-β family, myostatin is synthesised as an inactive precursor that needs to undergo proteolytic processing to give rise to the mature peptide. Myostatin is almost exclusively expressed in skeletal muscle, where it acts in an autocrine/paracrine fashion to inhibit muscle growth. In mice, myostatin blockade results in a dramatic increase in muscle mass and decreased adiposity. The effect on adipose tissue is so marked that myostatin blockade is even capable of reverting obesity in several strains of obese mice. Because of these actions, the use of myostatin-blocking agents has been proposed as a new strategy in the prevention or treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes, as well as in diseases in which muscular anabolism needs to be stimulated (such as some muscular dystrophies and wasting conditions).
Key words:
Obesity
Myostatin
Muscular development
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