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Vol. 53. Núm. 10.
Páginas 587-591 (Diciembre 2006)
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Vol. 53. Núm. 10.
Páginas 587-591 (Diciembre 2006)
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Acceso a texto completo
Importancia de la monitorización continua de glucosa en el control de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1
Importance of continuous glucose monitoring in the control of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Visitas
8138
Enrique González Sarmientoa,
Autor para correspondencia
enrgonz@med.uva.es

Correspondencia: Dr. E. González Sarmiento. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Clínico Universitario. Ramón y Cajal, 3; 10.ª Planta Este. 47005 Valladolid. España.
, José Luis Delgado Moralesa, M. Carmen Hinojosa Mena-Bernala, Inmaculada Fernández Galantea, José Zurro Hernándezb
a Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Clínico Universitario. Valladolid. España
b Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Clínico Universitario. Valladolid. España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Introducción

Optimizar el control metabólico en el paciente con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) mediante la medida frecuente de la glucemia capilar es difícil en ocasiones. Han salido al mercado sistemas de monitorización continua de glucosa parcialmente invasivos. El Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS®) de MiniMed aporta información sobre los valores de glucosa intersticial durante un tiempo aproximado de 72 h.

Objetivos

Analizar las variaciones de la concentración de glucosa y el número, el tipo, la intensidad y la duración de las hipoglucemias en pacientes adultos con DM1.

Pacientes y método

Estudio prospectivo sobre un total de 24 pacientes con DM1, de ambos sexos y 35 años de edad media, monitorizados con CGMS® durante 3 días. Se registraron los valores de glucosa basal, preprandial y posprandial de cada comida, así como el número, la intensidad y la duración de las hipoglucemias, tanto diurnas como nocturnas, y su relación con las complicaciones vasculares.

Resultados

La media de la glucosa preprandial osciló entre 201,50±81,11mg% y 175,88±83,19mg% y la de las posprandiales, entre 201,50±81,11mg% y 182,02±88,97mg%. En total se detectaron 57 hipoglucemias, de las que el 72,2% fueron asintomáticas y el 22,8%, sintomáticas. El 57,9% fueron diurnas, frente a un 42,1% de nocturnas, con una proporción de asintomáticas mayor en las nocturnas que en las diurnas. La duración media fue de 161,6 min. Sólo el 37,65% del día se encontraban en rango de glucosa normal. Los pacientes con retinopatía diabética presentaban un significativamente menor número de hipoglucemias. No se ha producido ningún caso de rechazo, reacción alérgica o efectos secundarios al monitor.

Conclusiones

La monitorización continua de glucosa intersticial es un buen sistema para conocer el perfil glucémico del paciente diabético y pone de manifiesto que con la terapia insulínica habitual no se alcanzan los objetivos de control. Es útil para el estudio de las hipoglucemias y para la detección de las nocturnas asintomáticas.

Palabras clave:
Diabetes mellitus tipo 1
Monitorización continua de glucosa
Hipoglucemia
Introduction

Optimizing metabolic control in type 1 diabetic patients by continuous capillary glycemia measurements is often difficult. Partially invasive continuous glucose monitoring systems have come onto the market. The MiniMed Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS®) provides information on interstitial glucose values for approximately 72 h.

Objective

To analyze the number, type, intensity, and duration of hypoglycemias in type 1 diabetic adults.

Patients and method

We performed a prospective study in 24 type 1 diabetic men and women with a mean age of 35 years, monitored with the CGMS® for 3 days. Preand postprandial basal glucose values were registered at each meal. The number, intensity and duration of diurnal and nocturnal hypoglycemias and their association with vascular complications were also recorded.

Results

The mean preprandial glucose levels ranged between 201.5±81.11mg% and 175.88±83.19mg%. Postprandial values were between 201.50±81.11mg% and 182.02±88.97mg%. Fifty-seven hypoglycemias were detected, of which 72.2% were asymptomatic and 22.8% were symptomatic. A total of 57.9% of hypoglycemias were diurnal and 42.1% were nocturnal; most nocturnal hypoglycemias were asymptomatic. The mean duration of hypoglycemias was 161.6 minutes. Glucose levels were within the normal range only 37.65% of the time. Hypoglycemia was less frequent in patients with diabetic retinopathy than in those without. There were no cases of rejection, allergic reaction, or secondary effects.

Conclusions

The MiniMed® continuous glucose monitoring system is highly reliable in measuring interstitial sugar levels in diabetic patients and reveals that routine insulin therapy does not achieve adequate glycemic control. This method is useful for studying hypoglycemia and for detecting nocturnal asymptomatic hypoglycemia.

Key words:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Continuous glucose monitoring
Hypoglycemia
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Copyright © 2006. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
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