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Vol. 49. Núm. 2.
Páginas 38-42 (Febrero 2002)
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Vol. 49. Núm. 2.
Páginas 38-42 (Febrero 2002)
Acceso a texto completo
Factores pronósticos de recidiva, presentes en el momento del diagnóstico del hipertiroidismo en la enfermedad de Graves-Basedow tratada con antitiroideos
Prognostic factors of hyperthyroidism of diagnosis of graves-basedow’s disease treated with antithyroid drugs
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C. Alameda Hernando*, S. Monereo Megías, R. Elviro Peña, B. Vega Piñero, A. Monereo Alonso, I. Pavón de Paz
Sección de Endocrinología. Hospital Universitario de Getafe. Madrid
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Introducción

En el hipertiroidismo por enfermedad de Graves-Basedow (EGB), un elevado porcentaje de pacientes no entran en fase de remisión o recidivan tras tratamiento con fármacos antitiroideos y requieren tratamiento definitivo. En este estudio intentamos identificar los factores, presentes en el momento del diagnóstico del hipertiroidismo, que pudieran predecir la ausencia de curación de la enfermedad tras tratamiento médico.

Pacientes y metodo

Pacientes y método. Se estudió de forma retrospectiva a los pacientes diagnosticados de hipertiroidismo por EGB de la consulta de endocrinología de una población del sur de Madrid (Getafe). Se utilizó para su búsqueda un fichero de diagnósticos. Se seleccionaron a los pacientes que habían recibido tratamiento antitiroideo durante más de 12 meses y con un seguimiento superior a un año tras suspenderlo, que tenían estudio autoinmunitario en el momento del diagnóstico (anticuerpos antimicrosomales [AAM] y anticuerpos antirreceptor de TSH [TRAb]) y que presentaban positividad de TRAb (≥ 9U/l). Se estudió la posible influencia del sexo, edad, T4 libre, AMM, TRAb, oftalmopatía y tamaño del bocio, en el momento del diagnóstico del primer brote de hipertiroidismo, sobre la evolución de la enfermedad.

Resultados

No encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la edad, sexo, T4 libre o grado de oftalmopatía inicial entre los pacientes que no presentaron recidiva y los que la presentaron. Se observó una asociación significativa de menor probabilidad de curación con AAM > 3.000 U/ml, TRAb > 80 U/l y grado de bocio II-III. En el estudio multivariante, únicamente el grado de bocio se asoció de forma independiente a la aparición de recidiva.

Conclusiones

La presencia de bocio grado II-III y títulos elevados de AAM o de TRAb, en el momento del diagnóstico de la EGB, predicen una escasa remisión del hipertiroidismo, por lo que, en estos casos, se podría plantear desde el inicio un tratamiento definitivo.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad de Graves-Basedow
Anticuerpos antimicrosomales
Anticuerpos antirreceptor de TSH
Bocio
Introduction

A high proportion of patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves Basedow disease (GBD) do not achieve remision or hyperfunction recurs after antithyroid treatment withdrawal, and a definitive treatment is needed. In the present study we attempt to identify factors present at the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism that may predict a relapse after antithyroid withdrawal.

Patients and method

We retrospectively study patients with hyperthyroidism due to GBD followed at an endocrinology clinic in the south of Madrid (Getafe). A clinical diagnosis file was used to identify the study patients. Patients with the following criteria were included: more than 12 months of antithyroid treatment, more than one year of follow up after treatment withdrawal, immunological study available at diagnosis (antimicrosomal antibodies [AMA] and TSH receptor antibodies [TRAb]), and a title of TRAb ≥ 9 U/l. The association with the final thyroid function status of factors like sex, age, freeT4, AMA, TRAb, presence of ophthalmopathy and the degree of goitre was studied.

Results

No significant differences were found in sex, age, freeT4, TRAb or the degree of ophthalmopathy at presentation between the group of patients that normalised thyroid function and the group of patients that did not. We observed a significant association with a lower probability of remision in patients with TRAb title > 80 U/l, AMA > 3,000 U/ml and goitre degree II-III. In the multivariate study, the degree of goitre was the only factor independently associated with treatment failure.

Conclusions

The presence of goitre degree II-III, high title of AMA or TRAb at the diagnosis of GBD were found to predict a low probability of remission. A definitive treatment could be the first treatment choice in these patients.

Key words:
Graves-Basedow’s disease
Microsomal antibodies
TSH receptor antibodies
Goiter
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Copyright © 2002. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
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