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Vol. 50. Núm. 6.
Páginas 216-236 (Junio 2003)
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Vol. 50. Núm. 6.
Páginas 216-236 (Junio 2003)
Acceso a texto completo
Diagnóstico del retraso del crecimiento
Diagnosis of growth retardation
Visitas
26979
L. Castro-Feijoo, M. Pombo
Autor para correspondencia
pdmapoar@usc.es

Correspondencia: Prof. M. Pombo. Unidad de Endocrinología, Crecimiento y Adolescencia. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. USC. A Choupana, s/n. Santiago de Compostela. 15706 A Coruña. España.
Unidad de Endocrinología, Crecimiento y Adolescencia. Departamento de Pediatría. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Santiago de Compostela. España
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Información del artículo

El crecimiento es un proceso biológico complejo, producto de la interacción entre múltiples factores endógenos (genéticos, hormonales, metabólicos, receptividad de los tejidos diana) y factores exógenos (nutrición, actividad física e influencias psicosociales). Es uno de los indicadores más sensibles del estado de salud del niño, de su nutrición y de sus antecedentes genéticos. Las desviaciones de la normalidad pueden ser la primera manifestación de una patología subyacente congénita o adquirida, por lo que se necesita disponer de una correcta comprensión del proceso del crecimiento y de los diferentes trastornos que pueden alterarlo. Entendemos por talla baja aquella en la que un individuo se encuentra por debajo de – 2 desviaciones estándar, para una determinada edad y sexo, en relación con la media poblacional. Actualmente, la clasificamos en talla baja idiopática y talla baja patológica. El diagnóstico continúa basándose en la correcta interpretación de la anamnesis y de la exploración física, aun cuando la historia reciente de la endocrinología se ha caracterizado por un emergente desarrollo de los métodos diagnósticos. Entre ellos destacan los avances en genética molecular, que han permitido la localización y caracterización en el ser humano de los genes que codifican proteínas implicadas en la regulación hormonal del crecimiento, como GH, POU1F1, PROP 1, Hex1, rGHRH, rGH, IGF-1, LHX3, LHX4, etc. Esta área constituye una de nuestras principales líneas de investigación y en esta revisión aportaremos algunos resultados, entre ellos el hallazgo de una nueva mutación (MiL) en un paciente con síndrome de Laron.

Growth is a complex biological process resulting from the interplay between multiple endogenous factors such as genetics, hormones and metabolism as well as exogenous factors such as nutrition, physical activity and psychosocial status. Growth is one of the most sensitive markers of children's health, nutritional status, and genetic background. Deviation from normality may be the first manifestation of an underlying congenital or acquired disorder. Thus, it is important to understand the growth process and the various disorders that can disturb it. Short stature is defined as a condition in which the height of an individual is 2 SD below the corresponding mean height for a given age, sex, and population group. Currently, short stature is classified into idiopathic and pathological. Despite the development of different diagnostic methods, diagnosis is still based on accurate interpretation of the patient's history and physical examination, even though the development of diagnostic methods in endocrinology has recently increased. Among these, advances in molecular genetics can be emphasized. These advances have allowed localization and characterization of the genes codifying hormonal regulation of growth such as GH, POU1F1, PROP 1, Hex 1, GHRHR, GHR, IGF-1, LHX3, LHX4, etc. This field constitutes a major line of inquiry. In this review we discuss some of the results, among them the discovery of a new mutation (MiL) in a patient with Laron syndrome.

Palabras clave:
Crecimiento
Talla baja
Clasificación
Diagnóstico
GH
RGH
POU1F1
PROP1
Ghrelin
Key words:
Growth
Short stature
Classification
Diagnosis
GH
GHR
POU1F1-PROP1
Ghrelin
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