Vasa previa, diagnóstico prenatal y manejo obstétrico

Resumen

Vasa previa ocurre cuando los vasos umbilicales no protegidos por el tejido placentario o cordón umbilical se sitúan en el segmento uterino inferior, delante de la presentación fetal a menos de 2 cm del orificio cervical interno. Los factores de riesgo son inserción velamentosa de cordón, placenta previa, placenta succenturiata y técnicas de reproducción asistida. El diagnóstico mediante ecografía transvaginal y Doppler color permite objetivar la presencia de vasos fetales por delante de la presentación fetal. El manejo incluye la maduración fetal con corticoides y cesárea electiva antes del parto. Describimos un caso clínico ocurrido en nuestro hospital.

Abstract

Vasa praevia is a condition in which the umbilical vessels, not supported by either the umbilical cord or placental tissue, cross the foetal membranes of the lower segment within 2 cm of the internal cervical os. The risk factors are velamentous insertion of the cord, placenta praevia, a bilobed and succenturiate placenta, and the use of assisted human reproductive techniques. The antenatal diagnosis by transvaginal ultrasound and colour Doppler can be used during the routine second trimester ultrasound in women with high risk. When the diagnosis is made in the antenatal period, the safest form of delivery is an elective caesarean with administration of corticosteroids prior to the onset of labour. A case diagnosed in our hospital is presented.