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Vol. 17. Núm. S2.
Efectos pleiotrópicos de las estatinas
Páginas 23-30 (Septiembre 2005)
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Vol. 17. Núm. S2.
Efectos pleiotrópicos de las estatinas
Páginas 23-30 (Septiembre 2005)
Efectos pleiotrópicos de las estatinas
Acceso a texto completo
Las estatinas como antioxidantes
Statins as anti-oxidants
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294
N. de las Heras
Autor para correspondencia
nataliaheras@med.ucm.es

Correspondencia: N. de las Heras. Departamento de Fisiología. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Complutense. Ciudad Universitaria, s/n. 28040 Madrid. España.
, D. Sanz-Rosa, M. Miana, B. Martín, V. Cachofeiro, V. Lahera
Departamento de Fisiología. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Complutense. Madrid. España
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La producción local exagerada de especies reactivas de oxígeno, especialmente de aniones superóxido, es un mecanismo importante que subyace al desarrollo aterosclerótico. Como consecuencia de este incremento del estrés oxidativo, la posibilidad de oxidación de las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) aumenta y éstas, a su vez, son capaces de estimular las enzimas implicadas en la producción de radicales libres, creándose un círculo vicioso. Numerosos estudios realizados con inhibidores de la HMG-CoA reductasa, o estatinas, han demostrado la eficacia de estos fármacos para disminuir la morbimortalidad cardiovascular. Este efecto beneficioso no sólo es debido a sus efectos reductores en la síntesis del colesterol, sino también a acciones pleiotrópicas, entre las que podemos mencionar su efecto antioxidante. Las estatinas inhiben la producción de aniones superóxido por los macrófagos y células endoteliales, además de actuar sobre las enzimas y los agentes de la regulación rédox. Así, las estatinas podrían disminuir la expresión y la actividad de la NAD(P)H oxidasa, reducir las ubicinonas, enzimas implicadas en el transporte mitocondrial de electrones, aumentar la actividad de las enzimas antioxidantes y la óxido nítrico sintasa. Por ello, los efectos antioxidantes de las estatinas podrían contribuir a su eficacia clínica en el tratamiento de enfermedades cardiovasculares, así como en otras situaciones asociadas a un incremento en el estrés oxidativo.

Palabras clave:
Estrés oxidativo
Especies reactivas de oxígeno
Estatinas
Aterosclerosis

Excessive local production of reactive oxygen species, especially superoxide anions, is an important mechanism underlying the development of atherosclerosis. As a consequence of this increase in oxidative stress, the possibility of lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation increases, and LDL in turn are able to stimulate the enzymes involved in the production of free radicals, creating a vicious circle. Numerous studies performed with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, or statins, have demonstrated the efficacy of these drugs in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This beneficial effect is due not only to their ability to reduce cholesterol synthesis but also to their pleiotropic effects, among which is their antioxidant effect. Statins inhibit superoxide anion production by macrophages and endothelial cells, in addition to acting on enzymes and redox regulation agents. Thus, statins could decrease the expression and activity of NAD(P)H-oxidase, reduce ubiquinones, the enzymes involved in mitochondrial electron transport, and increase the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes and nitric oxide synthase. Therefore, the anti-oxidant effects of statins could contribute to their clinical efficacy on treatment of cardiovascular diseases, as well as that of other processes associated with an increase in oxidative stress.

Key words:
Oxidative stress
Reactive oxygen species
Statins
Atherosclerosis
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