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Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition) Lipid profile and atherogenic risk in metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese ...
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Original article
Available online 16 December 2025
Lipid profile and atherogenic risk in metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese individuals: A cohort analysis by sex and sociodemographic factors
Perfil lipídico y riesgo aterogénico en obesos metabólicamente sanos y no sanos: un análisis de cohortes por sexo y factores sociodemográficos
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Miguel García Samuelssona,b, Pedro Juan Tárraga Lópezc,
Corresponding author
pjtarraga@sescam.jccm.es

Corresponding author.
, Ángel Arturo López Gonzáleza,b,d,e, Carla Busquets-Cortésa,b, Joan Obrador de Heviaa,b, José Ignacio Ramírez Manenta,d,e,f
a Grupo ADEMA-Salud del Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
b Facultad de Odontología, Escuela Universitaria ADEMA, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
c Facultad de Medicina of Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
d Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
e Servicio de Salud de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
f Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Characteristics of the population.
Tables
Table 2. Mean values of atherogenic indices in metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy obese individuals according to diagnostic criteria by sex.
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Table 3. Prevalence of high atherogenic index values in metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy obese individuals according to diagnostic criteria by sex.
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Table 4. Multinomial logistic regression.
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Abstract
Objective

To analyze lipid profiles and sociodemographic factors associated with atherogenic risk in obese workers classified as metabolically healthy (MHO) or unhealthy (MNHO).

Methods

Cross-sectional study of 68,884 obese workers. Atherogenic lipid indices (total cholesterol/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c, triglycerides/HDL-c) and prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia were assessed. Multinomial logistic regression identified factors linked to lipid risk.

Results

MNHO individuals exhibited significantly higher atherogenic indices across sexes and diagnostic criteria. Atherogenic dyslipidemia and lipid triad were more prevalent in MNHO. Male sex, older age, lower educational level, lower social class, physical inactivity, low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and smoking were associated with higher lipid risk.

Conclusion

Although MHO individuals show a more favorable lipid profile than MNHO, this advantage weakens with less stringent definitions. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors strongly modulate atherogenic risk.

Keywords:
Metabolically healthy obesity
Atherogenic dyslipidemia
Lipid profile
Sociodemographic factors
Mediterranean diet
Physical activity
Resumen
Objetivo

Analizar el perfil lipídico y los factores sociodemográficos asociados al riesgo aterogénico en trabajadores obesos clasificados como metabólicamente sanos (MHO) o no sanos (MNHO).

Métodos

Estudio transversal en 68.884 trabajadores obesos. Se evaluaron índices lipídicos aterogénicos (colesterol total/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c, triglicéridos/HDL-c) y la prevalencia de dislipidemia aterogénica. Se empleó regresión logística multinomial para identificar factores asociados al riesgo lipídico.

Resultados

Los individuos MNHO mostraron índices aterogénicos significativamente más elevados en ambos sexos y bajo todos los criterios diagnósticos. La dislipidemia aterogénica y la triada lipídica fueron más prevalentes en MNHO. Ser hombre, mayor edad, bajo nivel educativo, clase social baja, inactividad física, baja adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y tabaquismo se asociaron con mayor riesgo lipídico.

Conclusión

Aunque los MHO presentan un perfil lipídico más favorable que los MNHO, este beneficio disminuye con criterios menos estrictos. Las variables sociodemográficas y de estilo de vida influyen de manera importante en el riesgo aterogénico.

Palabras clave:
Obesidad metabólicamente sana
Dislipidemia aterogénica
Perfil lipídico
Factores sociodemográficos
Dieta mediterránea
Actividad física

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