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Vol. 69. Núm. 2.
Páginas 99-102 (Febrero 2001)
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Vol. 69. Núm. 2.
Páginas 99-102 (Febrero 2001)
Acceso a texto completo
Linfadenectomía selectiva (ganglio centinela) en el melanoma. Experiencia con 55 casos
Selective lymphadenectomy (Sentinel node) in melanoma. A study of 55 cases
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6936
M.J. Giménez*,1, M.V. Fliquete***, C.A. Fuster*, C. Vázquez Forner**, F. Llopis*, J.L. Arnal**, I. Bolumar**, R. Botella*, C. Guillem***, S. Almenar****, C. Vázquez Albaladejo*****
* Servicios de Cirugía
** Servicios de Medicina Nuclear
*** Servicios de Dermatología
**** Servicios de Anatomía Patológica
***** Jefe de Servicio de Cirugía. Instituto Valenciano de Oncología. Valencia.
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Resumen
Introducción

El ganglio centinela (NC) es la primera estación de drenaje linfático de una lesión primitiva y, por tanto, con la máxima probabilidad de albergar una metástasis.

El objetivo de este trabajo es ahorrar la morbilidad y coste de linfadenectomías innecesarias en pacientes con melanoma clínicamente no diseminado (75-89%) y mejorar la estadificación por localización del NC fuera del área de drenaje habitual.

Pacientes y métodos

Se han estudiado 55 pacientes con diagnóstico de melanoma de riesgo intermedio (Breslow 0,75-4 mm).

Para localizar las áreas de drenaje linfático, a todos los pacientes se les realizó una linfogammagrafía mediante la inyección intradérmica subcicatrizal de sulfuro coloidal-99mTc antes de la intervención. Veinte minutos antes de ésta se inyectó igualmente 1 cm3 de azul de isosulfán (Lymphazurin®).

La búsqueda intraoperatoria del NC se realizó en 9 pacientes con el colorante exclusivamente y en 46 con la técnica combinada del colorante y una sonda detectora de rayos gamma (Navigator®).

Resultados

El NC se localizó en 53 pacientes (96%), estaba infiltrado en siete de ellos (13%) y era el único ganglio afectado en cinco (71,5%).

Conclusiones

La linfadenectomía selectiva en el melanoma es una técnica de escasa morbilidad, que puede evitar linfadenectomías completas innecesarias en pacientes con melanoma de riesgo intermedio.

Palabras clave:
Ganglio centinela
Melanoma
Linfadenectomía
Introduction

Sentinel nodes (SN) are those most likely to receive lymphatic drainage from a primary tumor, and therefore to develop metastases. The objective of the present study was to avoid the morbidity and costs associated with unnecessary lymphadenectomies in patients with clinically non-disseminated melanoma (75-89%), and to improve staging, by localization of the sentinel node outside the normal drainage area.

Patients and methods

55 patients diagnosed with melanoma of intermediate risk (Breslow 0.75-4 mm) were studied.

In order to identify areas of lymphatic drainage, all patients underwent preoperative lymphoscintigraphy with sulfur colloid 99mTc injected intradermally around the biopsy scar.

Patients had been injected 20 minutes earlier with 1 cc of Isosulfan Blue (Lymphazurin®). Intraoperative mapping of SN was performed using dye only in 9 patients and using a combination of dye and a gamma probe (Navigator®) in the remaining 46 patients.

Results

The sentinel node was identified in 53 patients (96%), and was positive in 7 of these cases (13%). It was the only lymph node affected in 5 of these cases (71.5%).

Conclusions

Selective lymphadenectomy in melanoma is a low-morbidity technique which makes it possible to avoid unnecessary lymphadenectomy in patients with intermediate risk melanoma.

Key words:
Sentinel ganglion
Melanoma
Lymphadenectomy
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