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Vol. 35. Issue 5.
Pages 289-295 (May 2011)
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Vol. 35. Issue 5.
Pages 289-295 (May 2011)
Review article
Non-dietary environmental risk factors in prostate cancer
Factores de riesgo ambientales no dietéticos en el cáncer de próstata
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1278
J. Ferrís-i-Tortajadaa,
Corresponding author
ferris_jos@gva.es

Corresponding author.
, O. Berbel-Tornerob, J. Garcia-i-Castellc, J.A. López-Andreud, E. Sobrino-Najule, J.A. Ortega-Garcíaf
a Unidad de Salud Medioambiental Pediátrica, Unidad de Oncología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
b Centro de Salud de Chella, Chella, Valencia, Spain
c Sección de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de Sagunt, Valencia, Spain
d Sección de Neumología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
e Mount Sinai International Exchange Program, Department Medicine Preventive, Nueva York, United States
f Unidad de Salud Medioambiental Pediátrica, Hospital Materno-Infantil Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

The aim is to update and disclose the main environmental risk factors, excluding dietary factors, involved in the etiopathology of prostate cancer.

Materials and methods

Bibliographic review of the last 25years of non-dietary environmental risk factors associated with prostate cancer between 1985 and 2010, obtained from MedLine, CancerLit, Science Citation Index and Embase. The search profiles were Environmental Risk Factors/Tobacco/Infectious-Inflammatory Factors/Pesticides/Vasectomy/Occupational Exposures/Chemoprevention Agents/Radiation and Prostate Cancer.

Results

While some non-dietary environmental risk factors increase the risk of acquiring the disease, others decrease it. Of the former, it is worth mentioning exposal to tobacco smoke, chronic infectious-inflammatory prostatic processes and occupational exposure to cadmium, herbicides and pesticides. The first factors that reduce the risk are the use of chemopreventive drugs (Finasterida, Dutasteride) and exposure to ultraviolet solar radiation. With the current data, a vasectomy does not influence the risk of developing the disease.

Conclusions

The slow process of prostate carcinogenesis is the final result of the interaction of constitutional risk and environmental factors. Non-dietary environmental factors play an important role in the etiopathology of this disease. To appropriately assess the risk factors, extensive case studies that include all the possible variables must be analyzed.

Keywords:
Prostate cancer
Environmental risk factors
Primary prevention
Epidemiology
Smoking
Pesticides
Resumen
Introducción

Se pretende actualizar y divulgar los principales factores de riesgo ambientales, excluyendo los dietéticos, implicados en la etiopatogenia del cáncer de próstata.

Material y método

Revisión bibliográfica de los últimos 25 años de los factores de riesgo ambientales no dietéticos asociados a cáncer de próstata entre 1985 y 2010, obtenida del MedLine, CancerLit, Science Citation Index y Embase. Los perfiles de búsqueda han sido Environmental Risk Factors/Tobacco/Infectious-Inlammation Factors/Pesticides/Vasectomy/Occupational Exposures/Chemoprevention Agents/Radiation y «Cáncer de Próstata».

Resultados

Mientras que algunos factores de riesgo ambientales no dietéticos incrementan el riesgo de padecer la enfermedad, otros lo disminuyen. Entre los primeros destacan la exposición al humo del tabaco; los procesos prostáticos infecto-inflamatorios crónicos y la exposición profesional al cadmio, herbicidas y pesticidas. Los principales factores que reducen el riesgo es el empleo de fármacos quimiopreventivos (finasterida, dutasterida) y la exposición a la radiación ultravioleta solar. La vasectomía, con los datos actuales, no influye en el riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad.

Conclusiones

El lento proceso de carcinogénesis prostática es el resultado final de la interacción de factores de riesgo constitucionales y ambientales. Los factores ambientales no dietéticos desempeñan un papel importante en la etiopatogenia de esta enfermedad. Para valorar apropiadamente los factores de riesgo deben analizarse grandes casuísticas que incluyan todas las variables posibles.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de próstata
Factores de riesgo ambientales
Prevención primaria
Epidemiología
Tabaquismo
Pesticidas

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