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Acta Colombiana de Cuidado Intensivo Microbiota del eje intestino-pulmón en el paciente con sepsis: una revisión na...
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Vol. 26. Núm. 3.
(Julio - Septiembre 2026)
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Vol. 26. Núm. 3.
(Julio - Septiembre 2026)
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Microbiota del eje intestino-pulmón en el paciente con sepsis: una revisión narrativa

Microbiota of the gut-lung axis in patients with sepsis: A narrative review
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Cristian Vera Marína,
Autor para correspondencia
cristian.vera@upb.edu.co

Autor para correspondencia.
, Johanna M. Vanegasa, Francisco José Molinab
a Facultad de Medina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
b Fundación Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
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Se ha propuesto que el desequilibrio de la microbiota intestinal parece ser un factor importante para la sepsis y el daño orgánico, debido a que afecta la susceptibilidad del huésped y la respuesta a la infección a través de vías inmunes y metabólicas. Aunque el análisis de las comunidades microbianas y su impacto han sido bien descritos desde la perspectiva de la microbiota intestinal, a nivel pulmonar no han sido tan contundente, dado que los procedimientos para la obtención de muestras del tracto respiratorio inferior son invasivos, limitando el estudio de la microbiota pulmonar. Sin embargo, la evidencia disponible apunta que la disbiosis de la microbiota del intestino como del pulmón, desenfoca funciones primordiales homeostáticas, tales como inmunes y metabólicas en el hospedero mediada por el eje intestino-pulmón. La presente revisión describe la literatura respecto a las principales características de la microbiota intestinal y pulmonar en el paciente con sepsis, haciendo un especial énfasis en la relación del eje intestino-pulmón y la dinámica de la misma durante la estancia en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Se realizó una revisión narrativa siguiendo la guía SANRA. La búsqueda en PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science y Google Scholar incluyó estudios relevantes sobre sepsis y microbiota del eje intestino-pulmón, los cuales fueron analizados de forma integrativa.

Palabras clave:
Sepsis
Microbiota intestinal
Microbiota pulmonar
Eje intestino-pulmón
Abstract

It has been proposed that intestinal microbiota imbalance represents a significant factor in sepsis and organ dysfunction, as it modulates host susceptibility and the response to infection through immune and metabolic pathways. Although the characterization of microbial communities and their impact has been well described from the perspective of the gut microbiota, evidence at the pulmonary level has been less conclusive. This is largely due to the invasive nature of procedures required to obtain samples from the lower respiratory tract, which has limited in-depth investigation of the lung microbiota. Nevertheless, available evidence suggests that dysbiosis affecting both the intestinal and pulmonary microbiota disrupts essential homeostatic functions in the host—particularly immune and metabolic processes—mediated through the gut–lung axis. This review examines the current literature on the main features of the gut and lung microbiota in patients with sepsis, with particular emphasis on the gut–lung axis and its dynamics during intensive care unit (ICU) stay. A narrative review was conducted following SANRA guidelines. A search in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar included relevant studies on sepsis and the gut–lung axis, which were analyzed using an integrative approach.

Keywords:
Sepsis
Gut microbiota
Lung microbiota
Gut-lung axis

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