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Vol. 25. Issue 1.
Pages 71-77 (January - March 2024)
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Vol. 25. Issue 1.
Pages 71-77 (January - March 2024)
Original article
Broadening criteria for palivizumab administration does not reduce admissions for respiratory syncytial virus
La ampliación de criterios de administración de palivizumab no disminuye los ingresos por virus respiratorio sincitial
Jessica Gómez Ávila, Juan Iñigo Gil, Beatriz Flores Méndez
Corresponding author
b.flo.m@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
Servicio de Pediatría Hospital Universitario Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Relationship between sample characteristics and the presence of bronchiolitis in the group of “cases”.
Table 2. Relationship between sample characteristics and the presence of bronchiolitis in the group of “controls”.
Table 3. Relationship between sample characteristics and the presence of RSV in the group of “cases”.
Table 4. Relationship between sample characteristics and the presence of RSV in the group of «controls».
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ABSTRACT
Introduction

Respiratory syncytial virus is the leading cause of hospital admission for bronchiolitis in Spain. Immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab is an effective measure in those patients who meet the criteria for its administration. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether the extension of these criteria would reduce the rate of hospitalisation for this reason.

Methods

A retrospective analytical observational case–control study was conducted in a tertiary hospital, including 338 neonates born between 2017 and 2022. The “controls” arm included patients with criteria for palivizumab administration according to the Spanish Society of Neonatology indications and the “cases” arm included preterm patients up to 35 weeks of gestational age excluded from these criteria. The main variables assessed were the occurrence of RSV-positive bronchiolitis and the need for admission in both groups.

Results

The incidence of RSV bronchiolitis and admission to the hospital ward in the case group was similar to that found in our palivizumab-immunised population (control group).

Statistically significant differences were only found for the presence of school-aged siblings as a risk factor for the development of bronchiolitis.

Conclusions

An extension of the criteria for palivizumab administration to all preterm infants younger than 35 weeks would lead to increased costs without a reduction in infection rates and respiratory syncytial virus admissions.

Keywords:
Bronchiolitis
Respiratory syncytial virus
Prevention
Palivizumab
Resumen
Introducción

El virus sincitial respiratorio supone la primera causa de ingreso hospitalario por bronquiolitis en nuestro medio. La inmunoprofilaxis con palivizumab es una medida efectiva en aquellos pacientes que cumplen criterios para su administración. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es evaluar si la ampliación de dichos criterios disminuiría la tasa de hospitalización por este motivo.

Métodos

Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico retrospectivo de tipo casos y controles desarrollado en un hospital de tercer nivel, que incluía 338 neonatos nacidos entre los años 2017 a 2022. En el brazo «controles» se incluyeron pacientes con criterios de administración de palivizumab según indicaciones de la Sociedad Española de Neonatología y en el brazo «casos», pacientes prematuros de hasta 35 semanas de edad gestacional excluidos de estos criterios. Se evaluaron como variables principales la aparición de bronquiolitis VRS positiva y la necesidad de ingreso en ambos grupos.

Resultados

La incidencia de bronquiolitis por virus respiratorio sincitial y el ingreso en planta de hospitalización en el grupo de casos fue similar a la encontrada en nuestra población inmunizada con palivizumab (grupo control).

Solo se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa en cuanto a la presencia de hermanos en edad escolar como factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de bronquiolitis.

Conclusiones

Una ampliación de criterios de administración de palivizumab a todos los prematuros menores de 35 semanas conllevaría un aumento de costes sin implicar una reducción de las tasas de infección ni de ingresos por virus respiratorio sincitial.

Palabras clave:
Bronquiolitis
Virus respiratorio sincitial
Prevención
Palivizumab

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