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Inicio Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) Antipsychotic polypharmacy in a general hospital inpatient psychiatric unit
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Vol. 3. Issue 3.
Pages 90-96 (January 2010)
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Vol. 3. Issue 3.
Pages 90-96 (January 2010)
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Antipsychotic polypharmacy in a general hospital inpatient psychiatric unit
Politerapia antipsicótica en una unidad de hospitalización psiquiátrica
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José Alfonso Arilla
Corresponding author
aarilla@salud.aragon.es

Corresponding author.
, María Eva Fernández, Estela Viñuales, Isabel Lozano
Unidad de Psiquiatría, Hospital Royo Villanova, Zaragoza, Spain
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Article information
Abstract
Introduction

The association of antipsychotics is common in clinical practice despite the lack of scientific evidence to support this practice. There are few data on these patterns of use in hospitals in Spain. However, such data are required for the development of indicators of quality of care.

Aims

To collect information on prescription of antipsychotics in a psychiatric inpatient unit.

Methods

We performed a retrospective observational study of inpatients under treatment with antipsychotic drugs in 2006.

Results

We reviewed 136 patients with a mean age of 38 years and a mean length of stay of 22 days. Antipsychotics were used primarily in schizophrenic disorder (44.9%). At admission, atypical antipsychotics (second or third generation) were the most frequently used drugs in monotherapy (41.2%), a combination of two or more antipsychotics was used in 43% of the patients and the use of additional medication (not antipsychotics) was very high (84.6%). At discharge, the results were similar, but a notable finding was the increase in the combination of an atypical antipsychotic with extended-release drugs (from 2% to 11%).

Conclusions

The use of atypical antipsychotics as the first therapeutic option is becoming established, confirming the phenomenon of polypharmacy in the treatment of psychoses. The study design did not allow directional relations to be established but some trends, such as the possibility that polypharmacy is more common in patients with schizophrenia and is associated with the use of depot antipsychotics, were confirmed.

Keywords:
Psychosis
Polypharmacy
Neuroleptics
Antipsychotics
General hospital, inpatient psychiatric unit
Resumen
Introducción

La asociación de antipsicóticos es frecuente en la práctica clínica a pesar de no estar sustentada por la evidencia científica. Existen pocos datos sobre estos patrones de uso a nivel hospitalario en España, que consideramos necesarios en la elaboración de indicadores de calidad asistencial.

Objetivo

Recoger información sobre la prescripción de antipsicóticos en una unidad de hospitalización psiquiátrica.

Métodos

Se trata de un estudio observacional retrospectivo, en el que se incluyen los pacientes ingresados en tratamiento con fármacos antipsicóticos durante el año 2006.

Resultados

Se revisó a 136 pacientes con una edad media de 38 años y una estancia media de 22 días. Los antipsicóticos se emplearon fundamentalmente en el tratamiento esquizofrénico (44,9%). Al inicio del ingreso, los antipsicóticos atípicos (AA) (de 2.a o 3.a generación) fueron los más utilizados en monoterapia (41,2%), la combinación de dos o más antipsicóticos se utilizó en un 43% de los pacientes y el uso de medicación adicional (no antipsicóticos) fue muy elevada (84,6%). En el momento del alta, los resultados son similares, destacando el incremento en la combinación de un AA con fármacos de liberación prolongada (de un 2–11%).

Conclusiones

Los AA se consolidan como la primera opción terapéutica, confirmándose asimismo el fenómeno de la polifarmacia en el tratamiento de las psicosis. El diseño del estudio no permite establecer relaciones direccionales, pero sí algunas tendencias, como la posibilidad de que la polifarmacia sea más frecuente en pacientes esquizofrénicos y con los antipsicóticos de depósito.

Palabras clave:
Psicosis
Polifarmacia
Neurolépticos
Antipsicóticos
Pacientes psicóticos ingresados
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