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Available online 31 May 2022
Assessing cognitive reserve outcomes and biomarkers in first episode of psychosis: Rationale, objectives, protocol and preliminary results of the CRASH Project
Evaluación del impacto de la reserva cognitiva y los biomarcadores en el primer episodio de psicosis: justificación, objetivos, protocolo y resultados preliminares del proyecto CRASH
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Miquel Bernardoa,b,1,
Corresponding author
bernardo@clinic.cat

Corresponding authors.
, Gerard Anmellab,c,1, Norma Verdolinib,c, Cristina Saiz-Masvidald, Sonia Casalsd,e, Fernando Contrerasb,d, Ignasi Garridof, Ferran Pérezf, Gemma Safontb,f, Sergi Masb,g, Natalia Rodriguezb,g, Ana Meseguera,b,c, Maria Teresa Pons-Cabrerah, Eduard Vietab,c,
Corresponding author
evieta@clinic.cat

Corresponding authors.
, Silvia Amorettia,b,c,i
a Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute, University of Barcelona, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Spain
b Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
c Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
d Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry – Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
e University of Barcelona, Department of Clinical Sciences – School of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
f Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Mutua Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
g Department of Basic Clinal Practice, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
h Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
i Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR); Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Table 1. Differences between patients and healthy controls.
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Abstract
Introduction

Cognitive reserve (CR) has proved to predict clinical, cognitive and functional outcomes. Despite this, it is necessary to shed greater light on the identification of factors associated with CR in first psychotic episodes (FEP). The aim of this article was to describe the rationale, objectives, protocol, and preliminary results for a new project of CR.

Material and methods

The CRASH Project is a coordinated, multicenter and multimodal study of patients with a FEP with a one-year prospective longitudinal follow-up. This project is funded by the Departament de Salut of the Generalitat de Catalunya and file code SLT006/17/00345. The project was structured in four modules, each focusing on a different outcome measure: (1) General and Basic; (2) Neuroimaging; (3) Neurocognition; and (4) Biological.

Results

A total of 90 FEP patients and 100 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. There were no differences between patients and HC in terms of age (p=0.104), gender (p=0.140) and socioeconomic status (p=0.104). However, at inclusion, we found significant differences in functioning (p<0.001), CR (p<0.001), and all cognitive domains except executive functioning. Patients were clinically stable at inclusion.

Conclusions

The results obtained by this project are hoped to contribute as much towards the understanding of the illness’ physiopathology as towards the generation of new treatment designs and therapeutic strategies that allow for a personalized management according to each individual's profile, which includes CR as well as clinical characteristics.

Keywords:
First-episode psychosis
Assessment
Cognitive reserve
Psychopathology
Cognition
CRASH Project
Resumen
Introducción

La reserva cognitiva (RC) ha demostrado predecir el estado clínico, cognitivo y funcional. A pesar de ello, es necesario arrojar más luz sobre la identificación de los factores asociados a la RC en los primeros episodios psicóticos (PEP). El objetivo de este artículo fue describir la justificación, los objetivos, el protocolo y los resultados preliminares de un nuevo proyecto de RC.

Material y métodos

El Proyecto CRASH es un estudio coordinado, multicéntrico y multimodal de pacientes con un PEP con un seguimiento longitudinal prospectivo de un año. Este proyecto está financiado por el Departament de Salut de la Generalitat de Catalunya y con código de expediente SLT006/17/00345. El proyecto se estructuró en cuatro módulos, cada uno centrado en una medida de resultado diferente: (1) general y básico, (2) neuroimagen, (3) neurocognición, y (4) biológico.

Resultados

Un total de 90 pacientes con un PEP y 100 controles sanos se inscribieron en este estudio. No hubo diferencias entre los pacientes y los controles en cuanto a la edad (p=0,104), el género (p=0,140) y el nivel socioeconómico (p=0,104). Sin embargo, en el momento de la inclusión, se encontraron diferencias significativas en el funcionamiento (p<0,001), en la RC (p<0,001) y en todos los dominios cognitivos excepto en el funcionamiento ejecutivo. Los pacientes estaban clínicamente estables en el momento de la inclusión.

Conclusiones

Se espera que los resultados obtenidos en este proyecto contribuyan tanto a la comprensión de la fisiopatología de la enfermedad como a la generación de nuevos diseños de tratamiento y estrategias terapéuticas que permitan un manejo personalizado según el perfil de cada individuo, que incluye tanto la RC como las características clínicas.

Palabras clave:
Primer episodio de psicosis
Evaluación
Reserva cognitiva
Psicopatología
Cognición
Proyecto CRASH

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