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Vol. 29. Issue 1.
Pages 3-10 (January - June 2011)
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Vol. 29. Issue 1.
Pages 3-10 (January - June 2011)
Open Access
Psicoeducação familiar na demência: da clínica à saúde pública
Family psychoeducation in dementia: from clinical practice to public health
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Manuel Gonçalves-Pereiraa,
Corresponding author
gpereira.sm@fcm.unl.pt

Autor para correspondência.
, Daniel Sampaiob
a Departamento de Saúde Mental, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas, CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. Membro-efectivo da Sociedade Portuguesa de Terapia Familiar, Portugal
b Serviço de Psiquiatria, Hospital de Santa Maria; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. Fundador da Sociedade Portuguesa de Terapia Familiar, Portugal
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Abstract
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Resumo
Introdução

Com o envelhecimento populacional e o impacto decorrente nas famílias, a demência tem vindo a adquirir um estatuto de grave problema de saúde pública. No quotidiano dos serviços de saúde, os aspectos familiares da demência são motivo frequente de apresentação clínica. Contudo, nesses mesmos serviços ou na comunidade, as necessidades das famílias são frequentemente subavaliadas ou não cobertas. Neste trabalho descrevemos as intervenções familiares na demência, revendo especificamente a eficácia e a efectividade da psicoeducação familiar.

Métodos

Procedemos a uma revisão narrativa, não sistemática, da literatura relevante.

Resultados

Existem diversas formas de intervenção familiar na demência, dirigidas a familiares-cuidadores (com pendor psicoeducativo ou de apoio emocional) ou com foco sistémico, na linha da terapia familiar. Independentemente do seu carácter predominantemente clínico, todas elas podem ser perspectivadas na interface da promoção da saúde.

A psicoeducação familiar visa, em específico, desenvolver conhecimentos e competências para lidar com o quadro demencial, diminuindo os níveis de “stress” na família, podendo eventualmente incidir na saúde mental positiva dos cuidadores.

Conclusões

Muitas estratégias de prevenção primária, secundária ou terciária nas demências seriam potenciadas pela literacia em saúde, a nível populacional, nos conteúdos relacionados com as doenças associadas ao envelhecimento.

Palavras-chave:
Demência
Doença de Alzheimer
Família
Cuidador informal
Psicoeducação
Intervenção familiar
Literacia em saúde
Abstract
Introduction

Across the last decades, ageing has largely contributed to position dementia as a huge public health problem, reflecting the burden on service users and their social networks, namely families and informal carers. In health services, family issues regarding dementia frequently lead to referrals. However, at service or community levels, family needs are often underestimated or unmet. In this study, we aimed to describe family interventions in dementia and to review the evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of family psychoeducation in particular.

Methods

The review is based on the relevant literature, but is not intended to be systematic.

Results

There are several forms of family intervention in dementia, providing family-carers with psychoeducational strategies or support, or with an alternative emphasis on systemic interventions and classical family therapy. Regardless of their clinical focus, all these interventions may be informed by health promotion principles and values.

Family psychoeducation, for instance, aims to develop knowledge and skills making it easier to cope with the strain of dementia caregiving. There is evidence that this may lower family stress, while some psychoeducational interventions may additionaly focus on carers’ positive mental health.

Conclusions

Several primary, secondary or tertiary prevention strategies regarding dementia would be strengthened by population-based developments in mental health literacy, as related to brain aging and similar topics.

Keywords:
Dementia
Alzheimer's disease
Family
Informal caregiver
Psychoeducation
Family intervention
Health literacy
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Copyright © 2011. Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia
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