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Vol. 37. Issue 3.
Pages 97-104 (July - September 2011)
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Vol. 37. Issue 3.
Pages 97-104 (July - September 2011)
ARTÍCULO ESPECIAL
La biomecánica del impacto: una herramienta para la medicina legal y forense en la investigación del accidente de tráfico
Biomechanics of the impact: a tool for legal and forensic medicine in traffic accident investigations
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Carlos Arregui-Dalmasesa,d,
Corresponding author
carlosarregui@unav.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, Rafael Teijeirab, M. Carmen Rebollo-Soriac, Jason R. Kerrigand, Jeff R. Crandalld
a Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España
b Instituto Navarro de Medicina Legal, Pamplona, Navarra, España
c Instituto de Medicina Legal de Cataluña, Barcelona, España
d Center for Applied Biomechanics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Estados Unidos
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Resumen

La biomecánica del impacto o de las lesiones necesita de un equipo multidisciplinario en sus investigaciones, ya que se ven involucrados profesionales de diversas áreas, como física, ingeniería, medicina, biología o matemáticas, entre otras. Esta disciplina se centra principalmente en el estudio de las lesiones de los accidentes de tráfico y en situaciones militares, por lo que se aplica tanto en lesiones intencionales como no intencionales.

Las lesiones traumáticas intencionales o accidentales suponen una parte considerable de la carga de trabajo en los Institutos de Medicina Legal (IML). Dado que la biomecánica se ocupa del estudio de este tipo de lesiones, es evidente que los profesionales de la medicina forense deben tener conocimientos profundos de esta disciplina. A nuestro entender, las principales utilidades en el ámbito de la medicina forense son el conocimiento de mecanismos lesivos y su aplicabilidad en los criterios de causalidad.

Palabras clave:
Biomecánica
Accidente de tráfico
Criterio biomecánico
Abstract

Research in injury biomechanics requires a multidisciplinary approach, as it involves professionals from diverse fields such as physics, engineering, medicine, biology or mathematics, among others. This incipient science focuses mainly on the study of injuries from traffic accidents and military situations; thus it applies both intentional and unintentional injuries. Intentional or accidental traumatic injuries represent an important burden on the resources associated with Institutes of Legal Medicine. Since biomechanics research provides and insight into the nature of such injuries, it is important that forensic doctors be familiar with this discipline. From our point of view, the main uses in the field of forensic medicine are the understanding of the different injury mechanisms and their applicability in establishing the causality criteria.

Keywords:
Biomechanics
Road traffic accidents
Injury criterion

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