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Inicio Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (English Edition) Procalcitonin in the diagnosis of postoperative infection in knee arthroplasty
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Vol. 55. Issue 2.
Pages 130-139 (March - April 2011)
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Vol. 55. Issue 2.
Pages 130-139 (March - April 2011)
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Procalcitonin in the diagnosis of postoperative infection in knee arthroplasty
La procalcitonina en el diagnóstico de infección postoperatoria en las artroplastias de rodilla
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I. González-Busto Múgicaa,
Corresponding author
ignaciobusto@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, J. Prieto Rodríguezb, A. Fernández Fernándezc, R. Hueso Rieua, F.V. Álvarez Menéndezd, A. Amigo Fernándeza
a Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital V. Álvarez-Buylla, Mieres, Asturias, Spain
b Facultad de Económicas, Departamento de Economía, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
c Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital V. Álvarez-Buylla, Mieres, Asturias, Spain
d Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Abstract
Purpose of the study

Procalcitonin (PCT) is a 116 aminoacid polipeptyde synthesized in the thyroid C-cells. Its levels rise in the presence of bacterial infection. The aim of this work was to study the evolution of PCT levels in the postoperative period of knee arthroplasty and to assess its usefulness in the diagnosis of the infection process and its relationship to Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP).

Material and methods

Blood samples from 128 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty surgery were taken one hour before surgery and 24, 48 and 72 hours after. PCT, ESR and CRP levels were measured and related to clinical complications. The number of leukocytes, blood transfusions, type of implant and minutes of ischaemia were studied and correlated to PCT concentrations above 0.5 ng / mL.

Results

PCT<0.5 ng / mL correlated with absence of clinical complications in 95% of the cases, and levels of PCT>0.5 ng / mL correlated to clinical complications in 75% of the cases. ESR and CRP increased in all of the patients in the postoperative period.

Conclusions

Difficulties in establishing an unquestionable diagnosis of infection do not allow us to firmly assert that PCT levels higher than 0.5 ng / mL are exclusive of bacterial infection, but it does seem to be more useful than ESR and CRP in the management of these patients.

Keywords:
Procalcitonin
Diagnosis of infection
Arthroplasty
Knee
Resumen
Objetivo

La procalcitonina (PCT) es un polipéptido de 116 aminoácidos sintetizado en las células C del tiroides cuyas concentraciones se elevan en presencia de una infección bacteriana. El objetivo del trabajo es estudiar el comportamiento de las concentraciones de PCT en el postoperatorio de las artroplastias de rodilla y valorar su utilidad en el diagnóstico de procesos infecciosos y su relación con la velocidad de sedimentación globular (VSG) y la proteína C reactiva (PCR).

Material y métodos

Se estudiaron las concentraciones de PCT, PCR y valores de VSG en 128 pacientes intervenidos para una artroplastia primaria de rodilla desde el preoperatorio y los tres primeros días tras la intervención para relacionar los cambios en los niveles de estos marcadores con la aparición de complicaciones. Se estudió la variación en el número de leucocitos, el número de transfusiones, la utilización de diferentes implantes y el tiempo de isquemia buscando correlación con la aparición de concentraciones de PCT > 0,5 ng/mL.

Resultados

Concentraciones de PCT < 0,5 ng/mL se correspondieron con ausencia de complicaciones clínicas en el 95% de los casos mientras que concentraciones de PCT > 0,5 ng/mL se correspondieron con aparición de complicaciones clínicas en el 75% de los casos. La PCR y la VSG se incrementaron en todos los casos.

Conclusiones

La dificultad para hacer el diagnóstico incuestionable de infección no permite afirmar categóricamente que una concentración de PCT > 0,5 ng/mL sea marcador exclusivo de complicación infecciosa pero su determinación parece de mayor utilidad que la de VSG y PCR.

Palabras clave:
Procalcitonina
Diagnóstico de infección
Artroplastia
Rodilla
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