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Vol. 55. Issue 1.
Pages 54-66 (January - February 2011)
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Vol. 55. Issue 1.
Pages 54-66 (January - February 2011)
Review article
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Diaphyseal femur fractures in children. Treatment update
Fracturas diafisarias del fémur en el niño: actualización en el tratamiento
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P. González-Herranz
Corresponding author
pgonher@canalejo.org

Corresponding author.
, M.Ll. Rodríguez Rodríguez, M.A. Castro Torre
Unidad de COT Infantil, Hospital Materno Infantil Teresa Herrera, A Coruña, Spain
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Abstract

The treatment of diaphyseal femur fractures in children is a subject of great controversy due to the procedures employed in adults not being applicable during the growth period. However, there appears to be some consensus in that the method we choose must lead to shortening the hospital stay, is comfortable for the patient, provides suitable stability to the fracture and has less complications and after effects. There is some unanimity in that the methods of choice should be conservative in children less than 5 years-old (Pavlik harness, early cast), except in complex situations. It is from 6 years to 13 years, the period in which one method or the other that should be discussed more. Nowadays, elastic intramedullary nailing is the method preferred by many authors, particularly for transverse fractures and those located in the middle third, except in cases of great instability. In these situations of comminuted or oblique fractures with monolateral external fixation, the rigid nails introduced from the trochanteric region and percutaneous plating can be a good option. There is currently no method that could be applied to all the different types of fracture. The chosen therapeutic option should be based on the clinical stability of the patient, the characteristics of the fracture, diameter of the medullary cavity and weight of the patient.

Keywords:
Femur fracture
Elastic nails
Monolateral external fixation
Overgrowth
Remodelling
Resumen

El tratamiento de las fracturas de la diáfisis del fémur en el niño, está sometido a una gran controversia, debido a que los procedimientos que se emplean en los adultos no son aplicables durante el período de crecimiento. No obstante, parece que existe un cierto consenso en que el método que elijamos debe ir encaminado a acortar el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria, que sea confortable para el paciente, que proporcione una adecuada estabilidad a la fractura y origine en menor número de complicaciones y secuelas. Parece existir cierta unanimidad en que en menores de 5 años los métodos conservadores (arnés de Pavlik, yeso precoz,…) son los métodos de elección salvo en situaciones complejas. Es a partir de los 6 años y hasta los 13 años, el período en el cual la indicación de un método u otro puede estar más en discusión, si bien hoy en día el enclavado intramedular elástico es el método de predilección por parte de la mayoría de los autores, sobre todo para fracturas transversales y que asientan en el tercio medio, excepto en casos de gran inestabilidad. En estas situaciones de fracturas conminutas o con trazos oblícuos, la fijación externa monolateral, los clavos rígidos introducidos desde la región trocantérica y las placas atornilladas percutáneas submuscular pueden ser una buena opción. En la actualidad no existe un método que pueda aplicarse a la totalidad de los diferentes tipos de fractura. La opción terapéutica elegida deberá basarse en la estabilidad clínica del paciente, características de la fractura, diámetro de la cavidad medular y peso del paciente.

Palabras clave:
Fractura fémur
Clavos elásticos
Fijación externa
Clavo intramedular
Placa percutánea
Hipercrecimiento
Remodelación
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Copyright © 2011. Sociedad Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (SECOT). All rights reserved
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