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Perioperative medicine role in painful knee prosthesis prevention
Papel de la medicina perioperatoria en la prevención de la prótesis de rodilla dolorosa
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T. Cuñata,
Corresponding author
cunat@clinic.cat

Corresponding author.
, J.C. Martínez-Pastorb, C. Dürstelera, C. Hernándezc, X. Sala-Blancha
a Servicio de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Tratamiento del dolor, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
b Servicio de Traumatología y Cirugía Ortopédica, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
c Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Received 20 May 2020. Accepted 25 March 2021
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Abstract

Total knee arthroplasty is one of the most frequently performed orthopaedic surgeries. However, up to 20% of patients develop persistent postoperative pain. Persistent postoperative pain may be an extension of acute postoperative pain, but can also occur after more than 3 months without symptoms. Risk factors associated with persistent postoperative pain after arthroplasty have now been characterised within the patient’s perioperative context (preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative), and can be grouped under genetic, demographic, clinical, surgical, analgesic, inflammatory and psychological factors. Identification and prevention of persistent postoperative pain through a multimodal and biopsychosocial approach is essential in the context of perioperative medicine, and has been shown to prevent or ameliorate postoperative pain.

Keywords:
Total knee arthroplasty
Persistent postsurgical pain
Chronic pain
Risk factors
Perioperative medicine
Resumen

La artroplastia total de rodilla (ATR) es una de las cirugías realizadas con más frecuencia en ortopedia. No obstante, hasta un 20% de los pacientes mostrarán persistencia del dolor después del procedimiento. El dolor postquirúrgico persistente (DPP) puede ser una continuación del dolor agudo tras la cirugía o aparecer después de un período asintomático durante más de 3 meses.

En la actualidad, se han caracterizado los factores de riesgo que se asocian a DPP tras la ATR. Forman parte del contexto perioperatorio del paciente (preoperatorio, intraoperatorio y postoperatorio) y se pueden agrupar en diferentes dimensiones: genéticas, demográficas, clínicas, quirúrgicas, analgésicas, inflamatorias y psicológicas.

Su identificación y prevención, mediante un abordaje multimodal y biopsicosocial, es esencial en el contexto de la medicina perioperatoria y ha demostrado que puede prevenir o mejorar el dolor tras la cirugía.

Palabras clave:
Artroplastia total de rodilla
Dolor postquirúrgico persistente
Dolor crónico
Factores de riesgo
Medicina perioperatoria

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