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Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Edition) Therapeutic monitoring of beta-lactams in critically ill patients with sepsis: C...
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Vol. 73. Issue 7.
(August - September 2026)
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Vol. 73. Issue 7.
(August - September 2026)
Original article

Therapeutic monitoring of beta-lactams in critically ill patients with sepsis: Clinical trial protocol

Monitorización terapéutica de betalactámicos en pacientes críticos con sepsis: protocolo del ensayo clínico OPTIBETA
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I. Varela-Reya, S.M. Díaz-Pradob,c,d,e, M.Á. Gómez-Ríosf,g,h,
Corresponding author
magoris@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
a Departamento de Farmacia, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
b Grupo de Investigación en Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Fundación Pública Galega de Investigación Biomédica INIBIC, Universidade de A Coruña, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
c Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
d Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
e Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
f Anestesiología y Medicina Perioperatoria, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
g Profesor Visitante en la Universidad de Medicina de Łódź, Łódź, Poland
h Vicepresidente de la Sección Gestión Clínica de la Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor (SEDAR), Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Background

Sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients and is associated with intensive use of β-lactam antibiotics. These drugs show time-dependent pharmacodynamics and high pharmacokinetic variability in this population, making it difficult to achieve therapeutic levels. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) may optimise dosing, but its routine clinical implementation remains limited.

Objective

To evaluate whether individualized β-lactam dosing guided by TDM reduces time to full clinical recovery compared with standard dosing in hospitalized patients with sepsis (ICU and ward).

Methods

OPTIBETA is a pragmatic, randomized, controlled, open-label clinical trial with blinded outcome assessment to be conducted at a tertiary hospital in Spain. Adult patients (≥18 years) admitted to the intensive care unit or infectious diseases ward with sepsis will be included. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to either a TDM-guided dosing arm (dose adjustments according to PK/PD targets) or a standard dosing arm. Clinical, microbiological, and pharmacological outcomes will be collected. The primary endpoint is time to complete clinical cure. Secondary outcomes include overall survival, microbiological cure, ICU and hospital length of stay, adverse events, and achievement of PK/PD targets. The estimated sample size is 198 patients.

Expected results

We hypothesize that TDM-guided dosing will reduce time to clinical cure, improve overall outcomes, and decrease adverse events compared with standard dosing.

Conclusions

OPTIBETA will provide high-quality evidence on the role of β-lactam TDM in hospitalized patients with sepsis and may support its inclusion in antimicrobial stewardship programs.

Keywords:
Sepsis
Antibióticos betalactámicos
Monitorización terapéutica de fármacos
Ensayo clínico pragmático aleatorizado
Farmacocinética
Resumen
Antecedentes

La sepsis es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados, con un uso intensivo de antibióticos betalactámicos. Estos presentan una actividad antibacteriana dependiente del tiempo y una elevada variabilidad farmacocinética en esta población de pacientes, lo que dificulta alcanzar niveles terapéuticos adecuados. La monitorización terapéutica de fármacos (TDM) puede optimizar la dosificación, pero su implantación rutinaria sigue siendo limitada.

Objetivo

Evaluar si la dosificación individualizada de betalactámicos guiada por TDM reduce el tiempo hasta la curación clínica en comparación con la dosificación estándar en pacientes con sepsis (UCI y planta).

Métodos

OPTIBETA es un ensayo clínico pragmático, aleatorizado, controlado y abierto con evaluación ciega de los desenlaces, que se llevará a cabo en un hospital de nivel terciario de España. Se incluirán pacientes adultos (≥18 años) ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos o en la planta de enfermedades infecciosas con diagnóstico de sepsis. Los participantes serán aleatorizados 1:1 a un grupo con ajuste posológico mediante TDM (según objetivos PK/PD) o a un grupo con dosificación estándar. Se recogerán variables clínicas, microbiológicas y farmacológicas. La variable principal será el tiempo hasta la curación clínica completa. Entre las variables secundarias se incluyen la supervivencia global, la curación microbiológica, la duración de la estancia en UCI y hospitalaria, la incidencia de efectos adversos y la consecución de los objetivos PK/PD. El tamaño muestral estimado es de 198 pacientes.

Resultados esperados

Se plantea la hipótesis de que la dosificación guiada por TDM reducirá el tiempo hasta la curación clínica, mejorará los resultados globales y disminuirá los efectos adversos en comparación con la dosificación estándar.

Conclusiones

OPTIBETA proporcionará evidencia de alta calidad sobre el papel de la TDM de betalactámicos en pacientes hospitalizados con sepsis y podría respaldar su incorporación en los programas de optimización de antimicrobianos.

Palabras clave:
Sepsis
β-lactam antibiotics
Therapeutic drug monitoring
Pragmatic randomized clinical trial
Pharmacokinetics

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