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Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Edition) Redefining perioperative analgesia: Impact of opioid-free anesthesia in breast s...
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Vol. 73. Issue 4.
(April 2026)
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Vol. 73. Issue 4.
(April 2026)
Original article

Redefining perioperative analgesia: Impact of opioid-free anesthesia in breast surgery

Redefiniendo la analgesia perioperatoria: impacto de la anestesia libre de opioides en cirugía de mama
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Ó. Roca-Viéitez
Corresponding author
oscar_roca_vieitez@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, J. Iglesias-López de Prado, P. Casas-Reza, M. Gestal-Vázquez, O. Sobrino-Robelo, P. Subirán-Rodríguez
Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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Abstract
Background and objectives

Opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) aims to achieve effective perioperative pain control while avoiding the adverse effects associated with opioid use. Its usefulness in breast surgery remains poorly studied. The primary objective of this study was to compare morphine consumption in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) between patients undergoing opioid-free anesthesia and those receiving conventional opioid-based anesthesia.

Materials and methods

A retrospective, observational, single-center study was conducted at the University Hospital of A Coruña. A total of 87 patients who underwent breast surgery between January and July 2022 were included. Two groups were compared: opioid-free anesthesia (OFA, n = 41) and conventional opioid-based anesthesia (non-OFA, n = 46). The need for morphine rescue at PACU discharge, at 24 h, and at 48 h postoperatively (if patients remained hospitalized) was recorded. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), oral tolerance, night rest, and length of stay in the PACU and hospital.

Results

The OFA group showed significantly lower morphine consumption in the recovery unit (9.8% vs. 47.8%; P < .001), with an absolute risk reduction of 38.1%. No PONV events were observed in the OFA group compared with 21.7% in the non-OFA group (P = .001). Delayed oral tolerance was more frequent in the non-OFA group (0% vs. 15.2%; P = .013), and night rest was also better in the OFA group (94.4% vs. 65.7%; P < .05). No differences were found in PACU or hospital length of stay.

Discussion

The OFA technique provided adequate analgesic control with a significant reduction in postoperative adverse effects.

Conclusions

Opioid-free anesthesia in breast surgery is a safe and effective technique that improves postoperative recovery.

Keywords:
Opioid-free anesthesia
Breast surgery
Postoperative pain control
Postoperative nauseas and vomiting
Multimodal analgesia
Postoperative recovery
Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivos

La anestesia libre de opioides (OFA) tiene como objetivo el control del dolor perioperatorio evitando los efectos adversos asociados a los opioides. En cirugía de mama su utilidad aún está poco estudiada. El objetivo principal del estudio fue comparar el consumo de morfina en la unidad de reanimación postanestésica (URPA) entre pacientes sometidos a anestesia libre de opioides y anestesia convencional con opiodes.

Material y métodos

Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo y unicéntrico en el Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña. Se incluyeron 87 pacientes sometidos a cirugía de mama entre enero y julio de 2022. Se compararon dos grupos: anestesia libre de opioides (OFA, n = 41) y anestesia convencional con opioides (no OFA, n = 46). Se recogió la necesidad de rescate con morfina al alta de la unidad de reanimación, a las 24 h y a las 48 h (si permanecían ingresados). Como objetivos secundarios se evaluó la incidencia de náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios (NVPO), tolerancia oral, descanso nocturno, estancia en URPA y hospitalaria.

Resultados

El grupo OFA mostró un menor consumo de morfina en reanimación (9,8% vs. 47,8%; P < ,001), con una reducción absoluta del 38,1%. No se registraron NVPO en el grupo OFA frente al 21,7% del grupo no OFA (P = ,001). El retraso en la tolerancia oral fue mayor en no OFA (0% vs. 15,2%; P = ,013) y el descanso nocturno fue mejor también en el grupo OFA (94,4% vs. 65,7%; P < ,05). No hubo diferencias en la estancia en URPA ni hospitalaria.

Discusión

La técnica OFA permitió obtener un adecuado control analgésico con una reducción significativa de los efectos adversos postoperatorios.

Conclusiones

La anestesia libre de opioides en cirugía de mama es una técnica segura y eficaz, que mejora la recuperación postoperatoria.

Palabras clave:
Anestesia libre de opioides
Cirugía de mama
Control dolor postoperatorio
Náusea y vómitos postoperatorios
Analgesia multimodal
Recuperación postoperatoria

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