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Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Edition) Prognostic value of RDW and lactate for short- and long-term mortality in critic...
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Available online 7 September 2026

Prognostic value of RDW and lactate for short- and long-term mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury

Valor pronóstico de RDW y lactato para mortalidad a corto y largo plazo en pacientes críticos con lesión renal aguda
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A. Guevara-Tirado
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albertoguevara1986@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
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Abstract
Introduction

In intensive care units, the strong association between acute kidney injury and mortality has led to a pressing need for simple biomarkers to improve prognostic stratification.

Objective

To evaluate the prognostic value of RDW and lactate for short- and long-term mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury.

Materials and methods

An analytical study of an open dataset of 2,139 patients with acute kidney injury during their first ICU admission. The main biomarkers were RDW and lactate measured within the first 24 h, classified into 4 combined categories. Outcomes were 28-day, 90-day, and 1-year mortality. Multivariable logistic regression, Kaplan–Meier survival curves, and Cox adjusted proportional hazards models were used. Results were reported as odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Mortality increased across the combined RDW–lactate categories, with the highest rates observed in patients with both biomarkers elevated: 32.1% at 28 days, 43.6% at 90 days, and 53.0% at 1 year. In adjusted models, both RDW and lactate were independently associated with higher mortality. The RDW × lactate interaction was significant for 90-day mortality (OR 1.13). Cox analysis confirmed a higher risk of 90-day mortality in patients with both biomarkers elevated (HR 1.57). Kaplan–Meier curves showed significant differences in survival (log-rank p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The combined evaluation of RDW and lactate may improve short- and long-term mortality risk stratification in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury.

Keywords:
Acute kidney injury
Intensive care units
Lactic acid
Mortality
Survival analysis
Resumen
Introducción

La lesión renal aguda en cuidados intensivos presenta elevada mortalidad, lo que resalta la necesidad de biomarcadores simples para mejorar la estratificación pronóstica.

Objetivo

Evaluar el valor pronóstico de RDW y lactato para la mortalidad a corto y largo plazo en pacientes críticos con lesión renal aguda.

Materiales y método

Estudio analítico de datos abierto de 2139 pacientes con lesión renal aguda en su primera admisión a UCI. Los biomarcadores principales fueron RDW y lactato en las primeras 24 horas, clasificados en cuatro categorías combinadas. Los desenlaces fueron mortalidad a 28 días, 90 días y 1 año. Se utilizaron regresión logística multivariable, curvas de Kaplan–Meier y modelos de Cox ajustados; los resultados se expresaron como OR y HR con IC95%.

Resultados

La mortalidad aumentó entre las categorías combinadas de RDW y lactato, con las tasas más altas en el grupo con ambos biomarcadores elevados: 32,1% a 28 días, 43,6% a 90 días y 53,0% a 1 año. En modelos ajustados, RDW y lactato se asociaron independientemente con mayor mortalidad. La interacción RDW × lactato fue significativa para mortalidad a 90 días (OR 1,13). El análisis de Cox confirmó mayor riesgo de mortalidad a 90 días con ambos biomarcadores elevados (HR 1,57). Las curvas de Kaplan–Meier mostraron diferencias significativas en supervivencia (log-rank p < 0,001).

Conclusiones

La combinación de RDW y lactato podría mejorar la estratificación pronóstica de mortalidad a corto y largo plazo en pacientes críticos con lesión renal aguda.

Palabreas clave:
Lesión renal aguda
Unidades de cuidados intensivos
Ácido láctico
Mortalidad
Análisis de supervivencia

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