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Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Edition) Paradoxical air embolism in patient with patent foramen ovale during liver trans...
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392
Vol. 73. Issue 2.
(February 2026)
Case report

Paradoxical air embolism in patient with patent foramen ovale during liver transplant

Embolismo aéreo paradójico en paciente con foramen oval permeable durante cirugía de trasplante hepático
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E. Cabezuelo Markaide
Corresponding author
enekocabezuelo@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, P. Duque González, M. Zaballos García, J.A. Varela Cabo
Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) has an approximate prevalence of 25% in the adult population, being normally an asymptomatic condition. During liver transplant (LT), a PFO can enable the passing of embolic material to systemic circulation and cause ischemic events. Prophylactic closing of a PFO is not currently indicated in patients who are to undergo LT. Close haemodynamic monitoring is recommended in this type of cases in order to diagnose a paradoxical embolism and give an adequate treatment if necessary.

We present a case of a patient with a diagnosis of PFO who, during a LT, shows clinical findings compatible with a pulmonary and systemic embolism, requiring haemodynamic support and leaving a mild neurological sequelae at discharge.

Keywords:
Liver transplant
Patent foramen ovale
Right-left shunt
Resumen

El foramen oval permeable (FOP) tiene una prevalencia de aproximadamente un 25% en la población adulta, siendo en la mayoría de casos asintomática. Durante la cirugía de trasplante hepático (TH), este FOP puede permitir el paso de material embolígeno a la circulación sistémica y provocar eventos isquémicos. El cierre profiláctico de un FOP en pacientes que van a ser sometidos a un TH no está indicado en la actualidad. En este tipo de pacientes, se recomienda una monitorización estrecha para poder diagnosticar, y tratar en caso de que sea necesario, una embolia paradójica.

Presentamos el caso de una paciente con diagnóstico de FOP que durante una cirugía de TH, muestra signos clínicos compatibles con una embolia pulmonar y paradójica y requiere tratamiento de soporte hemodinámico, quedando al alta secuelas neurológicas leves.

Palabras clave:
Trasplante hepático
Foramen oval permeable
Shunt derecha-izquierda

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