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Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Edition) Giant polycystic liver disease with thoracic involvement: An anaesthesia and sur...
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Case report

Giant polycystic liver disease with thoracic involvement: An anaesthesia and surgical challenge in liver transplantation

Poliquistosis hepática gigante con compromiso torácico: desafío anestésico-quirúrgico en el trasplante hepático
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M. Arias Salazara,
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marilyn.arias@clinic.cat

Corresponding author.
, F.G. Mileoa, G. Chullob, Y. Fundorab, E. Quintanac, J. Martíneza
a Department of Anaesthesiology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
b Department of Liver Surgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
c Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract

Polycystic liver disease is a rare inherited disorder that is usually associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Advanced forms of the disease can cause massive hepatomegaly, chest compression, and severe respiratory compromise. We present the case of a 46-year-old woman with hepatorenal polycystic disease who developed progressive dyspnoea, early satiety, and abdominal distension despite treatment with lanreotide. The CT scan revealed a liver measuring 14,200 cc, partial lung collapse, and mediastinal displacement. Given the risk of thoracic compression, an orthotopic liver transplant was performed using a sterno-laparotomy approach and femoro-portal veno-venous bypass to achieve haemodynamic stability during the anhepatic phase. The evolution was favourable, and the patient was discharged on day 11 and re-assessed at 6 months without incident. This case highlights the importance of multidisciplinary planning and the selective use of veno-venous bypass to ensure safe anaesthesia and surgical management in giant polycystic liver disease.

Keywords:
Polycystic liver disease
Massive hepatomegaly
Liver transplantation
Anaesthesia in transplantation
Veno-venous bypass
Multidisciplinary planning
Resumen

La enfermedad poliquística hepática es un trastorno hereditario poco frecuente, habitualmente asociado a la enfermedad poliquística renal autosómica dominante. En sus formas avanzadas puede causar hepatomegalia masiva, compresión torácica y compromiso respiratorio severo. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 46 años con poliquistosis hepatorrenal que desarrolló disnea progresiva, saciedad precoz y distensión abdominal, a pesar del tratamiento médico con lanreótido. La tomografía evidenció un hígado de 14.200 cc con colapso pulmonar parcial y desplazamiento mediastínico. Ante el riesgo de compresión torácica, se realizó trasplante hepático ortotópico mediante abordaje esterno-laparotómico y bypass veno-venoso fémoro-portal-auricular, logrando estabilidad hemodinámica durante la fase anhepática. La evolución fue favorable, con alta al día 11 y seguimiento a los seis meses sin incidencias. Este caso resalta la importancia de la planificación multidisciplinaria y del uso selectivo del bypass veno-venoso para garantizar un manejo anestésico-quirúrgico seguro en la poliquistosis hepática gigante.

Palabras clave:
Poliquistosis hepática
Hepatomegalia masiva
Trasplante hepático
Anestesia en trasplante
Bypass veno-venoso
Planificación multidisciplinaria

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