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Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Edition) From uterine atony to aHUS: A case of postpartum thrombotic microangiopathy
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177
Vol. 73. Issue 1.
(January 2026)
Case report

From uterine atony to aHUS: A case of postpartum thrombotic microangiopathy

De la atonía uterina al SHUa: un caso de microangiopatía trombótica posparto
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177
J.M. Blanco Flores
Corresponding author
, A.M. Oubiña López, A. San Antonio Gil, M. Reina Molina, P. Ramos Curado, M. Echevarría Moreno
Servicio de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Valme, Seville, Spain
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Abstract

We report the case of a 42-year-old primiparous woman who developed severe postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony after an instrumental delivery, requiring massive transfusion and Bakri balloon placement. Despite initial haemodynamic stabilization, she progressed to persistent anuria and acute kidney injury. Imaging revealed bilateral renal cortical necrosis. Atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) was suspected on the basis of tests showing anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, complement consumption, and ADAMTS13 activity >10%. Treatment with eculizumab and renal replacement therapy was initiated, achieving good haematologic response.

This case highlights a rare postpartum complication in which early suspicion enables prompt targeted therapy. Ansesthesiologists play a key role in initial haemodynamic management and in identifying warning signs suggestive of thrombotic microangiopathies.

Keywords:
Postpartum hemorrhage
Uterine atony
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
Eculizumab
Resumen

Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 42 años, primípara, que tras parto instrumentado desarrolló una hemorragia postparto grave por atonía uterina, con necesidad de transfusión masiva y colocación de balón de Bakri. A pesar de la estabilización hemodinámica, la paciente evolucionó con anuria persistente y fracaso renal agudo. Las pruebas de imagen evidenciaron necrosis cortical renal bilateral. Ante anemia, trombocitopenia, consumo de complemento y actividad de ADAMTS13 > 10%, se sospechó un síndrome hemolítico urémico atípico (SHUa). Se inició tratamiento con eculizumab y terapia renal sustitutiva, con buena evolución hematológica.

Este caso pone de manifiesto una complicación infrecuente del posparto, cuya sospecha precoz permite iniciar tratamiento dirigido. El anestesiólogo desempeña un papel fundamental en el manejo hemodinámico inicial y en la detección de signos de alarma que orienten hacia microangiopatías trombóticas.

Palabras clave:
Hemorragia postparto
Atonía uterina
Síndrome hemolítico urémico
Eculizumab

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