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Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Edition) Factors associated with mortality, length of stay, and limitation of therapeutic...
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Original article
Available online 2 March 2026

Factors associated with mortality, length of stay, and limitation of therapeutic effort in patients aged 80 years and older in a surgical ICU: A retrospective observational study

Factores asociados a la mortalidad, estancia hospitalaria y limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico en ancianos mayores de 80 años en una UCI quirúrgica: estudio observacional retrospectivo
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F. Guitart de la Lastra
Corresponding author
fernandoguitartlastra@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, F. Ramasco Rueda, C. Martin, A. Figuerola, A. Calderón, A. García-Jorge
Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Sección de Reanimación, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Objectives

To describe the clinical characteristics of patients over 80 years admitted to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) of Hospital de La Princesa, and to identify admission variables associated with mortality and prolonged hospital stay. As a secondary objective, we explored decisions regarding limitation of therapeutic effort (LTE), their predictors, and their impact on survival and length of stay.

Material and methods

Retrospective observational study including 100 patients over 80 years admitted to the SICU. Clinical, demographic, and prognostic variables were collected, including age, sex, type of surgery, SOFA and Charlson scores, nutritional status (CONUT), and frailty. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with mortality, length of stay, and LTE.

Results

Mean age was 85.8 years (SD ± 4.2). Thirty-day mortality was 16%, and mean ICU length of stay was 5.36 days (SD ± 8.2). Mechanical ventilation was the only factor independently associated with mortality (OR 16.6; 95% CI: 1.5–180.6). Development of sepsis and use of vasoactive drugs were associated with longer hospital stays (p < 0.05). LTE decisions were made in 68% of deceased patients, with no significant differences in survival or length of stay between patients with and without LTE.

Conclusions

Mechanical ventilation is the main predictor of mortality in patients over 80 years admitted to SICU. Sepsis and vasoactive support prolonged hospital stay. LTE decisions are frequent in this population, although no clear predictors for their application were identified.

Keywords:
Elderly
Mortality
Frailty
Comorbidity
Mechanical ventilation
Limitation of therapeutic effort
Resumen
Objetivos

describir las características clínicas de los pacientes mayores de 80 años ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Quirúrgicos (UCIQ) del Hospital de La Princesa e identificar las variables al ingreso asociadas con mortalidad y estancia hospitalaria prolongada. Como objetivo secundario, se exploraron las decisiones de limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico (LET), sus predictores, y su impacto en la supervivencia y la estancia hospitalaria.

Material y métodos

estudio observacional retrospectivo en 100 pacientes mayores de 80 años admitidos en UCIQ. Se recogieron variables clínicas, demográficas y pronósticas, incluyendo edad, sexo, tipo de cirugía, escalas SOFA y Charlson, estado nutricional (CONUT) y fragilidad. Se aplicó análisis multivariante para identificar factores asociados con la mortalidad, estancia hospitalaria y LET.

Resultados

la edad media fue 85,8 años (DE ± 4,2). La mortalidad a 30 días fue 16% y la estancia media en UCI 5,36 días (DE ± 8,2). La ventilación mecánica fue el único factor asociado de manera independiente con la mortalidad (OR 16,6; IC 95%: 1,5-180,6). El desarrollo de sepsis y el uso de drogas vasoactivas se relacionaron con mayor estancia hospitalaria (p < 0,05). En el 68% de los pacientes fallecidos se aplicó LET, sin diferencias significativas en supervivencia ni duración de ingreso entre pacientes con y sin LET.

Conclusiones

la ventilación mecánica es el principal predictor de mortalidad en mayores de 80 años en UCIQ. La sepsis y el soporte vasoactivo prolongaron la estancia hospitalaria. Las decisiones de LET son frecuentes, aunque sin predictores claros para su aplicación.

Palabras clave:
Ancianos
Mortalidad
Fragilidad
Comorbilidad
Ventilación mecánica
Limitación de esfuerzo terapéutico

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