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Original Investigation
Determination of the 99th percentile of anticardiolipin and anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibodies in an institution in the city of Medellin, Colombia
Determinación del percentil 99 de los anticuerpos anticardiolipina y anti-β2 glicoproteína I en una institución en la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia
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Gustavo Adolfo Castilla Agudeloa,b, Libia María Rodríguez Padillab,c, Sergio Jaramillo Velásquezd, Lady Johanna Hernández Zapatab,e, Miguel Antonio Mesa Navasb,c,f, María Fernanda Álvarez Barrenecheb,g, Carlos Jaime Velásquez Francob,c,f,
Corresponding author
carjaivel@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
a Department of Internal Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
b UNIR Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
c Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
d Department of Clinical Laboratory and Pathology, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia
e Pediatric Rheumatology Service, Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
f Rheumatology Service, Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
g Department of Internal Medicine, Clínica CardioVID, Medellín, Colombia
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Received 13 September 2021. Accepted 27 January 2022
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Tables (5)
Table 1. General characteristics of 49 healthy blood donor subjects.
Table 2. 99th percentile of the different antiphospholipid antibody tests performed on 49 healthy volunteer donors from a blood bank.
Table 3. 99th percentile of the different antiphospholipid antibody tests according to the sex of the participants.
Table 4. 99th percentile of the different antiphospholipid antibody tests in 49 healthy subjects and the reference values para the manufacturer of the tests.
Table 5. Comparison of different values of the 99th percentile for the manufacturer Inova Diagnostics.
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Abstract
Introduction

Antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis requires abnormal results of lupus anticoagulant and high titles of anticardiolipin (aCL) and β2glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI) antibodies. The latter immunological tests lack a standard threshold in clinical practice.

Objective

To determine the 99th percentile of aCL and anti-β2GPI in healthy volunteers.

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional study reviewed antibody titles of anticardiolipin and β2glycoprotein I (IgG and IgM by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in forty-nine healthy blood donors in Medellin, Colombia. Sociodemographic and immunological variables are also assessed. Antibody titles are described in median and interquartile range and the 99th percentile was estimated.

Results

We analysed samples from 16 men and 33 women. We found that the upper limits of the reference range (99th percentile) of aCL and anti-β2GPI were: aCL IgM: 18.0, aCL IgG: 16.1, anti-β2GPI IgM: 16.4, and anti- β2GPI IgG: 6.9.

Conclusions

The upper limits obtained differ greatly from the arbitrary classification values suggested in the international guidelines, taking into account that values greater than 40 international units are usually required, and the values identified in this study are between 6.9 and 18 international units. We suggest conducting additional studies that validate cut-off points according to the percentiles explored in this work.

Keywords:
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Anticardiolipin antibodies
Anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibodies
99th percentile
Resumen
Introducción

El diagnóstico del síndrome antifosfolípido requiere resultados anormales de anticoagulante lúpico y títulos elevados de anticuerpos anticardiolipina (aCL) y β2glicoproteína I (anti-β2GPI). Las últimas pruebas inmunológicas carecen de un umbral estándar en la práctica clínica.

Objetivo

Determinar el punto de referencia (percentil 99) para los aCL y anti-β2GPI en voluntarios sanos.

Materiales y métodos

Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal descriptivo en el que se realizó una medición de los títulos de anticuerpos anticardiolipina y β2glicoproteína I (IgG e IgM por ensayo inmunoabsorbente ligado a enzimas) en 49 donantes de sangre sanos en Medellín, Colombia. Se excluyeron aquellos sujetos que tuvieran antecedentes de trombosis, morbilidad del embarazo, tumores, infecciones o enfermedades autoinmunes y también se evaluaron las variables sociodemográficas e inmunológicas. Los títulos de los anticuerpos se describen en mediana y rango intercuartílico. Se estimó el percentil 99.

Resultados

Se analizaron aCL y anti-β2GPI en 16 hombres y 33 mujeres. Los valores del límite superior del rango de referencia (percentil 99) de aCL y anti-β2GPI fueron: aCL IgM: 18,0, aCL IgG: 16,1, anti-β2GPI IgM: 16,4 y anti-β2GPI IgG: 6,9.

Conclusiones

Los límites superiores obtenidos difieren en gran medida de los valores arbitrarios de clasificación sugeridos en las pautas internacionales, tendiendo en cuenta que usualmente se requieren valores superiores a 40 unidades internacionales y los valores identificados en este estudio están entre 6,9 y 18 de estas unidades. Se sugiere hacer estudios adicionales que validen puntos de corte según los percentiles explorados en este estudio.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome antifosfolípido
Anticuerpos anticardiolipinas
Anticuerpos anti-β2 glicoproteína I
Percentil 99

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