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Case Report
Neurocognitive disorder due to neurosyphilis: A case report
Trastorno neurocognitivo debido a neurosífilis: informe de un caso
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Carlos Arturo Cassiani-Mirandaa,
Corresponding author
ca.cassiani@mail.udes.edu.co

Corresponding author.
, Xueyi Chenb
a Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias UDES, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, Colombia
b Semillero de Investigación en Psiquiatría de Enlace-Grupo de Investigación en Neuropsiquiatría, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Received 04 February 2018. Accepted 16 October 2018
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Table 1. Characteristics of the results of the cerebrospinal fluid examinations.
Abstract
Introduction

Neurosyphilis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum that can cause a great variety of neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms, which complicates its diagnosis.

Case description

This case occurred in a 40-year-old man who consulted the Emergency Department because of a convulsion (de novo) which was related to a chronic condition of cognitive impairment and psychosis. The appropriate studies were performed for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis and the recommended treatment was initiated. The patient presented clinical improvement and was discharged.

Discussion

Positive VDRL serology results and imaging findings of marked cortical atrophy conducted to consider a late-stage parenchymatous neurosyphilis with serious cognitive impairment and associated psychosis. Treatment with crystalline penicillin was formulated, which reduced the intensity of the patient's symptoms; however, the patient's lack of interest to attend the check-ups significantly reduces his chances of an adequate recovery.

Conclusions

Neurosyphilis must be suspected in patients with clinically evident neurological or psychiatric symptoms. Analysis of VDRL serology and neuroimaging studies are important as an initial evaluation of the patient and must be complemented with cognitive tests or mental examination to determine the state of cognitive impairment.

Keywords:
Neurosyphilis
Syphilis
Dementia
Neurocognitive disorder
Psychosis
Serology
Resumen
Introducción

La neurosífilis es una enfermedad infecciosa crónica ocasionada por Treponema pallidum y puede producir una gran variedad de signos y síntomas neuropsiquiátricos, lo que complica su diagnóstico.

Descripción del caso

Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 40 años que consultó al servicio de urgencias por una convulsión de novo, junto con un cuadro crónico de deterioro cognitivo y psicosis. Se le realizaron los estudios pertinentes para el diagnóstico de neurosífilis y se inició el tratamiento recomendado. El paciente presentó mejoría clínica y fue dado de alta.

Discusión

Con resultados de serología VDRL positivos y hallazgos imagenológicos de atrofia cortical marcada, se consideró una neurosífilis parenquimatosa de tipo tardío, junto con franco deterioro cognoscitivo y psicosis. Se le dejó tratamiento con penicilina cristalina, que disminuyó la intensidad de los síntomas del paciente; sin embargo, el poco interés de este en asistir a sus controles disminuye sus probabilidades de una recuperación adecuada.

Conclusiones

La neurosífilis se debe sospechar en pacientes con síntomas neurológicos o psiquiátricos clínicamente evidentes. El análisis de la serología de VDRL y los estudios de neuroimagen son importantes como evaluación inicial del paciente, que debe complementarse con pruebas cognitivas o examen mental para determinar el estado de deterioro cognitivo.

Palabras clave:
Neurosífilis
Sífilis
Demencia
Trastorno neurocognitivo
Psicosis
Serología

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