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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Anestesiología La metoclopramida no disminuye la incidencia de náusea vómito postoperatorios ...
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Vol. 37. Issue 1.
Pages 13-20 (February - April 2009)
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Vol. 37. Issue 1.
Pages 13-20 (February - April 2009)
INVESTIGACIÓN CLÍNICA
Open Access
La metoclopramida no disminuye la incidencia de náusea vómito postoperatorios cuando se asocia a dexametasona en pacientes ambulatorios llevados a procedimientos otorrinolaringológicos
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Eduardo Zárate
, Edgardo Corrales*, Juan Marcos Guzmán**, Ramiro Alcalá**, Wilmer Fragoso**, Catalina Soto**
* Profesor Asistente Departamento de Anestesiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital San
** Residente III año Departamento de Anestesiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital San Ignacio.
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RESUMEN

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto profiláctico antiemético de la combinación dexametasona - metoclopramida en pacientes llevados a procedimientos otorrinolaringológicos. Materiales y Métodos: En este estudio doble ciego y placebo controlado, 208 pacientes ambulatorios anestesiados con una técnica anestésica convencional, fueron aleatorizados para recibir dexametasona 8 mg durante la inducción anestésica y metoclopramida, 10 mg al final de la cirugía (Grupo A), dexametasona, 8 mg durante la inducción anestésica y placebo al final de la cirugía (Grupo B), placebo durante la inducción anestésica y metoclopramida, 10 mg al final de la cirugía (Grupo C) o placebo durante la inducción anestésica y al final de la cirugía (Grupo D). La ausencia de vómito y de náusea moderada y no solicitud de administración de medicación antiemética de rescate, se consideraron componentes de la respuesta completa al tratamiento antiemético. Resultados: Durante el período pre-alta del hospital, el número de pacientes que experimentaron respuesta completa al tratamiento profiláctico fue significativamente mayor en los grupos B (90.4%) y A (86.5%) al compararlos con los grupos D (55.8%) y C (75%). A las 24 horas, la proporción de pacientes con una respuesta completa fue significativamente mayor en el grupo A (96.2%) en comparación con los grupo C (67.3%) y D (78.8%) y de igual forma en el grupo B (88%) en comparación con el grupo C (67.3%). Conclusiones: La combinación de dexametasona con metoclopramida no es significativamente más efectiva que la administración de dexametasona sola en la profilaxis de náusea y vómito postoperatorios.

Palabras Clave:
Dexametasona
Metoclopramida
Náusea
Vómito
NVPO
SUMMARY

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prophylactic antiemetic effects of the combination dexamethasone - metoclopramide in patients undergoing ear-nose-throat procedures. Materials and methods: In this placebo-controlled, double-blind study, 208 outpatients under standardized anesthetic were randomized to receive dexamethasone 8 mg before anesthesia induction and metoclopramide, 10 mg at the end of surgery (Group A), dexamethasone 8 mg before anesthesia induction and placebo at the end of surgery (Group B), placebo before anesthesia induction and metoclopramide, 10 mg at the end of surgery (Group C) or placebo before anesthesia induction and at the end of surgery (Group D). Complete response to prophylactic antiemetic medication was defined as no vomiting no sustained moderate nausea and no requesting of antiemetic drug. Results: During predischarge period, the number of patients with complete response to prophylactic antiemetic medication was significantly higher in groups B (90.4%) and A (86.5%) in comparison with groups D (55.8%) and C (75%). At the 24 h follow-up evaluation, complete response was higher in group A (96.2%) in comparison with groups C (67.3%) and D (78.8%). Conclusions: combination dexamethasone-metoclopramide is not more effective than administration of dexamethasone alone in the posoperative profylaxis of nausea and vomiting.

Keywords:
Dexamethasone
Metoclopramide
Nausea
Vomiting
PONV
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Primer Premio Concurso Jorge Colmenares, XXVIII Congreso Colombiano de Anestesiología, marzo 2009. Bogotá.

Copyright © 2009. Revista Colombiana de Anestesiología
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