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Vol. 36. Issue 3.
Pages 167-172 (August - October 2008)
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Vol. 36. Issue 3.
Pages 167-172 (August - October 2008)
ARTÍCULO DE INVESTIGACIÓN CLÍNICA
Open Access
Irrigación de anestésicos locales y dolor postoperatorio en pacientes sometidas a mamoplastia de aumento
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Rosemary Jiménez Haad
, Alexandra Chaves Vega**
* Residente III. Departamento de Anestesia, Fundación Santa Fe. Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
** Especialista de Anestesia. Fundación Santa Fe. Bogotá, Colombia.
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RESUMEN
Objetivo

Determinar si la irrigación de anestésicos locales en la cavidad mamaria, en pacientes sometidas a mamoplastia de aumento, disminuye la necesidad de analgesia de rescate y la intensidad del dolor postoperatorio, medido con la escala visual análoga.

Metodología

Estudio clínico cuasiexperimental controlado con placebo. En el grupo de intervención se irrigó la cavidad mamaria con una solución de lidocaína al 1% con epinefina (7 mg/kg), bupivacaína al 0,5% (3 mg/kg) y solución salina. En el grupo control se irrigó la cavidad mamaria con solución salina. La técnica anestésica y la analgesia de transición fueron estandarizadas. Se registró el analgésico opiáceo (morfina, hidromorfona o meperidina) y la dosis total requerida como analgesia de rescate durante la estancia en la unidad de cuidados postanestésicos (UCPA). Se registró la intensidad del dolor postoperatorio al recuperar la conciencia, a los treinta minutos, a la primera hora, a las dos, a las cinco y a las veinticuatro horas del postoperatorio.

Resultados

Se encontró diferencia en el número de pacientes que requirieron analgesia de rescate con morfina en la UCPA (p<0,01), 10% en el grupo de intervención versus 50% en el grupo control. También se encontró diferencia en la intensidad del dolor (p<0,01).

Conclusiones

La irrigación de anestésicos locales en la cavidad mamaria en pacientes sometidas a mamoplastia de aumento disminuye la necesidad de analgesia de rescate con opiáceos y la intensidad del dolor postoperatorio.

Palabras clave:
mamoplastia de aumento
analgesia
escala visual análoga
lidocaína
bupivacaína
SUMMARY
Objective

To determine if the irrigation of the breast cavity with local anesthetics in patients who undergo breast augmentation surgery reduces rescue analgesic requirements and postoperatory pain intensity level, measured with the analogue visual scale.

Methods

Placebo controlled non randomized clinical trial. In the intervention group the breast cavity was irrigated with 1% lidocaine with epinephrine (7 mg/kg), 0,5% bupivacaine (3 mg/kg) and normal saline solution. In the second group the breast cavity was irrigated with saline solution. Anesthetic and transition analgesia techniques were standardized. Type (morphine, hydromorphone and meperidine) and total required dose of opioid rescue analgesic medication in the Post Anesthetic Care Unit were also registered. Postoperative pain intensity level was also registered at the moment of consciousness recovery, at thirty minutes, at the first hour, at two, five and twenty four hours of postoperative period.

Results

There was a difference in the number of patients requiring opioid rescue analgesia with morphine at the Post Anesthetic Care Unit (p<0.01), 10% in the intervention group versus 50% in the control group. Likewise, there was difference inpain intensity level (p<0.01).

Conclusions

Local anesthetic irrigation in patients who underwent breast augmentation surgery reduces opioid rescue analgesia requirements and postoperative pain intensity level.

Key words:
Breast augmentation surgery
analgesia
Visual Analogue Scale
lidocaine
bupivacaine
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