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Vol. 54. Issue 1.
Pages 63-67 (January - March 2020)
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Vol. 54. Issue 1.
Pages 63-67 (January - March 2020)
CASO CLÍNICO
Osteonecrosis multifocal. Actualización y caso clínico
Multiple osteonecrosis. Update and case report
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120
V. Gallart Úbedaa,
Corresponding author
virgallart@hotmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, J.M. Elía Martíneza, R. Puerta de Diegoa, I. Elía Martínezb, J.C. Valero Inigoc
a Servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, España
b Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España
c Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación, Hospital de Sagunto, Valencia, España
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Tabla 1. Estadios de la necrosis avascular de Ficat y Arlet
Resumen

La osteonecrosis múltiple se define como la presencia de osteonecrosis en 3 o más territorios óseos. Es una complicación infrecuente, que suele encontrarse solo en un 3% de los pacientes con osteonecrosis. Se ha relacionado con enfermedades sistémicas siendo los pacientes con LES, tratamiento prolongado con glucocorticoides a dosis altas, trasplantados o con alteraciones hematológicas los que presentan mayor riesgo de desarrollarla.

La cabeza femoral es la zona que en más ocasiones se ve alterada. La patogenia no está bien establecida, aunque se conocen varios factores de riesgo.

Presentamos el caso de una mujer joven, con antecedentes de tratamiento con glucocorticoides y anticonceptivos orales, y factores alterados de la hemostasia, que desarrolló una osteonecrosis bilateral de caderas y posteriormente de hombro.

En el presente artículo se ha realizado una exhaustiva búsqueda bibliográfica sobre la etiología y tratamiento de la osteonecrosis avascular múltiple.

Palabras clave:
Osteonecrosis múltiple
Glucocorticoides
Trastornos de la coagulación
Tratamiento
Abstract

Multifocal osteonecrosis is defined as the presence of osteonecrosis in three or more osseous sites. It is an infrequent entity representing less than 3% of cases among osteonecrosis patients. Multifocal osteonecrosis has been associated with systemic diseases, with patients at highest risk being those with lupus erythematosus, transplant recipients and those with haematological disorders or prolonged high-dose glucocorticoid treatment.

The area most prone to disturbances is the femoral head. The pathogenesis of this particular disorder has not been fully defined, although several risk factors have been identified.

We report the case of a young woman with abnormal hemostatic factors and a history of glucocorticoid and oral contraceptive therapy who developed bilateral hip osteonecrosis, followed by shoulder ON.

The present article also provides an extensive literature review of the aetiology and treatment of multifocal ON.

Keywords:
Multiple osteonecrosis
Corticosteroids
Coagulation disorders
Treatment

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