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Vol. 52. Issue 1.
Pages 4-17 (January 2010)
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Vol. 52. Issue 1.
Pages 4-17 (January 2010)
Dementia and imaging: the basics
Demencias e imagen: lo básico
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E. Arana Fernández de Moya
Departamento de Radiología, Hospital Quirón, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract

Dementia is becoming more common as the population ages. We review the prevalence of different causes of dementia. Alzheimer's disease heads the list, followed by vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Although these are distinct entities, their symptoms overlap and they have many comorbid conditions in common. We review the importance of recognizing the early symptoms and signs of dementia and point out the key differences between different types of dementia. We illustrate the fundamental importance of differentiating between reversible and irreversible disease on imaging and of establishing the follow-up of patients with irreversible conditions.

Keywords:
Dementia
Magnetic resonance imaging
Computed tomography
Alzheimer's disease
Vascular dementia
Lewy bodies
Resumen

La demencia es una enfermedad cada vez más frecuente en la población que envejece. Se revisa su prevalencia, encabezada por la enfermedad de Alzheimer, seguida por la demencia vascular, la demencia de cuerpos de Lewy y la degeneración lobar frontotemporal. Aunque son entidades distintas, presentan síntomas superponibles y comorbilidades frecuentes. Se revisa la importancia de reconocer los síntomas y signos precoces de la demencia y de advertir las diferencias claves entre ellas. Se ilustra, desde el punto de vista radiológico, lo fundamental que es diferenciar las que son reversibles y establecer la forma de seguimiento de las no reversibles.

Palabras clave:
Demencia
Resonancia magnética
Tomografía computarizada
Enfermedad de Alzheimer
Demencia vascular

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