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Original article
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging myocardial perfusion reserve index in heart transplant patients
Valoración del índice de reserva de perfusión miocárdica por resonancia magnética en pacientes con trasplante cardíaco
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J.M. Jiménez Jasoa, A. Ezpondaa, J. Muñiz Sáenz-Diezb, M. Caballerosc, G. Rábagod, G. Bastarrikaa,
Corresponding author
bastarrika@unav.es

Corresponding author.
a Servicio de Radiología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
b Departamento de Cardiología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
c Servicio de Radiología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
d Departamento de Cirugía Cardíaca, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Received 08 January 2020. Accepted 14 April 2020
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Clinical characteristics of the patients included in the study.
Table 2. Comparison of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction in transplant patients and the control group.
Table 3. Comparison by myocardial segments (midventricular section) of myocardial perfusion reserve indices between transplant recipients with negative stress CMR and the control group.
Table 4. Comparison of haemodynamic response parameters (heart rate and blood pressure) induced by regadenoson between transplant recipients and the control group.
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Abstract
Objective

To compare the myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI) measured during stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with regadenoson in patients with heart transplants versus in patients without heart transplants.

Material and methods

We retrospectively compared 20 consecutive asymptomatic heart transplant patients without suspicion of microvascular disease who underwent stress cardiac MRI with regadenoson and coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) to rule out cardiac allograft vasculopathy versus 16 patients without transplants who underwent clinically indicated stress cardiac MRI who were negative for ischemia and had no signs of structural heart disease. We estimated MPRI semiquantitatively after calculating the up-slope of the first-pass enhancement curve and dividing the value obtained during stress by the value obtained at rest. We compared MPRI in the two groups. Patients with positive findings for ischemia on stress cardiac MRI or significant coronary stenosis on coronary CTA were referred for conventional coronary angiography.

Results

More than half the patients remained asymptomatic during the stress test. Stress cardiac MRI was positive for ischemia in two heart transplant patients; these findings were confirmed at coronary CTA and at conventional coronary angiography. Patients with transplants had lower end-diastolic volume index (59.3 ± 15.2 ml/m2 vs. 71.4 ± 15.9 ml/m2 in those without transplants, p = 0.03), lower MPRI (1.35 ± 0.19 vs. 1.6 ± 0.28 in those without transplants, p = 0.003), and a less pronounced hemodynamic response to regadenoson (mean increase in heart rate 13.1 ± 5.4 bpm vs. 28.5 ± 8.9 bpm in those without transplants, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Stress cardiac MRI with regadenoson is safe. In the absence of epicardial coronary artery disease, patients with heart transplants have lower MPRI than patients without transplants, suggesting microvascular disease. The hemodynamic response to regadenoson is less pronounced in patients with heart transplants than in patients without heart transplants.

Keywords:
Magnetic resonance imaging
Computed tomography
Heart transplant
Stress test
Regadenoson
Resumen
Objetivo

Comparar el índice de reserva de perfusión miocárdica (IRPM) medido por resonancia magnética cardíaca de estrés (RMC-estrés) con regadenosón en sujetos trasplantados frente a no trasplantados.

Material y métodos

Se compararon, de forma retrospectiva, 20 trasplantados cardíacos consecutivos, asintomáticos y sin sospecha clínica de enfermedad microvascular, a quienes se realizó RMC-estrés con regadenosón y coronariografía por TC (CTC) para descartar enfermedad vascular del injerto (EVI) respecto a 16 sujetos no trasplantados, con RMC-estrés realizada por indicación clínica, negativa para isquemia y sin signos de cardiopatía estructural. El IRPM se estimó de forma semicuantitativa tras calcular el valor de la pendiente durante la perfusión de primer paso y dividir el valor obtenido en estrés respecto al reposo. Se comparó IRPM en ambos grupos. Los pacientes con RMC-estrés positiva para isquemia o CTC con estenosis coronaria significativa fueron derivados a coronariografía convencional.

Resultados

Más de la mitad de los sujetos permanecieron asintomáticos durante la prueba de estrés. La RMC-estrés resultó positiva para isquemia en dos trasplantados, que se confirmó mediante CTC y coronariografía convencional. Los pacientes trasplantados presentaron menor volumen telediastólico indexado (59,3 ± 15,2 ml/m2 frente a 71,4 ± 15,9 ml/m2, p = 0,03), menor IRPM (1,35 ± 0,19 vs. 1,6 ± 0,28, p = 0,003 y menor respuesta hemodinámica al regadenosón que los no trasplantados (incremento medio de la frecuencia cardíaca de 13,1 ± 5,4 lpm frente a 28,5 ± 8,9 lpm, p < 0,001).

Conclusión

La RMC-estrés con regadenosón es una técnica segura. En ausencia de enfermedad coronaria epicárdica significativa, los trasplantados presentan menor IRPM que los no trasplantados, lo que sugiere enfermedad microvascular. En pacientes trasplantados, la respuesta hemodinámica esperable al regadenosón es menor que en no trasplantados.

Palabras clave:
Resonancia magnética
Tomografía computarizada
Trasplante cardíaco
Prueba de estrés
Regadenosón

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