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Radiología (English Edition)

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Radiología (English Edition) Radiological markers in spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: A retrospective v...
Journal Information
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547
Vol. 68. Issue 2.
(March - April 2026)
Original articles

Radiological markers in spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: A retrospective validation of the Hematoma Maturity Score

Marcadores radiológicos en la hemorragia intracerebral espontánea: validación retrospectiva de la Puntuación de Madurez del Hematoma
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B.T. Catelania,
Corresponding author
barbaracatelani@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, E. Santos Armentiab, G.B. Harveyd, A. Razzinia, P. Sobral Viñasb, N. Silva Priegueb, A. López Ruedac
a Hospital de Emergencias Clemente Álvarez (HECA), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
b Hospital Ribera Povisa, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
c Hospital Universitario Bellvitge, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
d Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Estadística, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Abstract
Purpose

To validate the combined marker Hematoma Maturity Score (HMS) in non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) scans of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hematomas (ICH) for predicting functional outcomes at discharge, compared to individual radiological signs.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of clinical and imaging data was conducted for patients with spontaneous ICH who underwent NCCT within the first 24 h. The Black Hole Sign, Blend sign, Island Sign, Swirl Sign, and HMS were independently assessed by two radiologists, a first-year neuroradiology fellow, and a neuroradiologist with 16 years of experience. Patients were grou-ped based on discharge dependency according to the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score: no/mild disability (0–2); moderate/severe disability (3–5); and mortality (6).

Results

Sixty-four patients with spontaneous ICH were included. There was almost perfect agreement between readers regarding HMS scoring (kappa = 0.86) and substantial to moderate agreement for the remaining signs. Multivariable statistical analysis was adjusted for antiplate-let therapy, hematoma volume, ventricular expansion, blood glucose, age, and sex. Immature HMS (OR 15.966, p = 0.044) was an independent predictor of functional outcome at discharge, while the other signs did not yield significant results.

Conclusions

HMS is a prognostic biomarker easily assessable in NCCT, serving as a valuable tool for guiding clinical decision-making and workflow management in therapeutic trials. © 2025 SERAM. Published by Elsevier Espa˜na, S.L.U. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

Keywords:
Cerebral hemorrhage
Diagnostic Imaging
Biomarkers
Computed tomography
Patient outcome
Assessment
Patient discharge
Retrospective study
Resumen
Objetivos

Validar el marcador combinado de Puntuación de Madurez del Hematoma (PMH) en tomografías computarizadas sin contraste (TCSC) de pacientes con hematomas intracerebrales espontáneos (HIE) para predecir resultados funcionales al alta, en comparación con signos radiológicos individuales.

Métodos

Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de datos clínicos y de imágenes de pacientes con HIE que se sometieron a TCSC dentro de las primeras 24 horas. El signo del agujero negro, signo de la mezcla, signo de la isla, signo del remolino y el PMH fueron evaluados de forma independiente por dos radiólogos: un fellow de primer año de neurorradiología y un neurorradiólogo con 16 años de experiencia. Los pacientes se agruparon en función de su dependencia al alta, según el puntaje de la Escala de Rankin Modificada (mRS): sin/discapacidad leve (0–2); discapacidad moderada/severa (3–5); y mortalidad (6).

Resultados

Se incluyeron 64 pacientes con HIE. Hubo una concordancia casi perfecta entre los lectores en la puntuación de PMH (kappa = 0,86) y una concordancia sustancial a moderada para los demás signos. El análisis estadístico multivariable se ajustó por terapia antiplaquetaria, volumen del hematoma, expansión ventricular, glucosa en sangre, edad y sexo. Un resultado de PMH inmaduro (OR 15,966, p 0,044) fue un predictor independiente del resultado funcional al alta, mientras que los otros signos no mostraron resultados significativos.

Conclusiones

El PMH es un biomarcador pronóstico fácilmente evaluable en TCSC y potencialmente una herramienta valiosa para orientar la toma de decisiones clínicas y la gestión del flujo de trabajo en ensayos terapéuticos.

Palabras clave:
Hemorragia cerebral
Diagnóstico por imagen
Biomarcadores
Tomografía computarizada
Evaluación de los resultados del paciente
Alta del paciente
Estudio retrospectivo

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