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Vol. 26. Issue 3.
Pages 143-149 (January 2011)
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Vol. 26. Issue 3.
Pages 143-149 (January 2011)
Original Article
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PICOGEN: Five years experience with a genetic counselling program for dementia
PICOGEN: experiencia de 5 años de un programa de asesoramiento genético en demencia
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J. Forteaa, A. Lladóa, J. Clarimónb, A. Lleób, R. Olivac, J. Perid, L. Pintore, J. Yagüef, R. Blesab, J.L. Molinuevoa, R. Sánchez-Vallea,*
a Unidad de Alzheimer y otros trastornos cognitivos, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
b Unidad de Memoria, Servicio de Neurología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
c Servicio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
d Servicio de Psicología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
e Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
f Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Article information
Abstract
Introduction

We describe the 5 year experience of a genetic counselling program for familial dementias (the PICOGEN program).

Methods

The neurologist selected the candidates for genetic testing in the screening visit based on family history and phenotype (Alzheimer disease-AD, frontotemporal lobar degeneration-FTLD, or prion disease). Asymptomatic subjects who decided to know their genetic status were evaluated within a structured protocol by the psychiatrist and psychologist prior to entering the program and followed up afterwards.

Results

A total of 87 patients from 72 families were candidates for the genetic study, 20 of the 72 families had a family history of autosomal dominant early-onset dementia (ADEOD). A pathogenic mutation was found in 22 patients (8 PSEN1, 1 PSEN2, 1 APP, 4 MAPT, 8 PRNP), 5 of which had not been previously described. All positive cases, except for 1 PSEN1 (12.5%) and 4 PRNP (50%) showed ADEOD. In 3 ADEOD cases (15%) no pathogenic mutation was found. After individual genetic counselling, 24/54 asymptomatic subjects at risk decided to have the pre-symptomatic study, of whom 10 (42%) were carriers of the pathogenic mutation. In the follow up, no major psychiatric complication was observed.

Conclusions

In our series, family history of ADEOD was a sensitive criterion for the detection of pathogenic mutations in AD and FTLD but not in prion diseases. No genetic anomalies were detected in 15% of the ADEOD cases using conventional diagnostic procedures, and 43% of pre-symptomatic subjects at risk who received individual genetic counselling decided to have the study. The pre-symptomatic diagnosis proved to be safe under these conditions

Keywords:
Genetic counselling
Genetic screening
Familial dementia
Alzheimer disease
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Prion diseases
Resumen
Introducción

Describimos la experiencia del Programa de Información y Consejo Genético para demencias familiares (PICOGEN) en sus 5 años de funcionamiento.

Métodos

Todos los sujetos fueron asesorados por un neurólogo que seleccionó los candidatos a estudio genético según la historia familiar y el diagnóstico (enfermedad de Alzheimer [EA], degeneración lobular frontotemporal [DLFT] o enfermedad priónica). Los sujetos asintomáticos que decidieron conocer su estatus genético siguieron un protocolo estructurado de evaluación antes y después de la realización del test genético.

Resultados

Ochenta y siete pacientes de 72 familias fueron candidatos a estudio genético, 20 de 72 familias presentaban historia familiar autosómica dominante de inicio precoz (HADp). En 22 se detectó una mutación patogénica (8 PSEN1, 1 PSEN2, 1 APP, 4 MAPT, 8 PRNP), 5 no descritas previamente. Todos los casos con mutación, excepto uno PSEN1 (12,5%) y 4 PRNP (50%) presentaban HADp. En 3 casos con HADp (15%) no se encontró ninguna mutación. 24 de 54 sujetos asintomáticos de familias con mutación conocida decidieron realizarse el estudio presintomático, 10 resultaron portadores. En el seguimiento de los sujetos que realizaron el estudio predictivo no se observó ninguna complicación psiquiátrica mayor.

Conclusiones

En nuestra serie la HADp resultó un criterio sensible para la detección de mutaciones patogénicas en EA y DLFT, pero no en enfermedades priónicas. Un 15% de los casos HADp no presentaron alteraciones genéticas causales en estudios diagnósticos convencionales. El 43% de los sujetos en riesgo que recibieron asesoramiento genético individual realizaron el estudio presintomático. El estudio presintomático resultó seguro en este contexto

Palabras clave:
Consejo genético
Pruebas genéticas
Demencia familiar
Enfermedad de Alzheimer
Degeneración lobular frontotemporal
Enfermedades priónicas
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This work was presented as an oral communication at the annual meeting of the Spanish Neurology Society, in 2009.

Copyright © 2011. Sociedad Española de Neurología
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