Buscar en
Neurología (English Edition)
Toda la web
Inicio Neurología (English Edition) Influence of APOE gene polymorphisms on interferon-beta treatment response in mu...
Journal Information
Vol. 26. Issue 3.
Pages 137-142 (January 2011)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 26. Issue 3.
Pages 137-142 (January 2011)
Original Article
Full text access
Influence of APOE gene polymorphisms on interferon-beta treatment response in multiple sclerosis
Influencia del polimorfismo del gen de la APOE en la respuesta al tratamiento con interferón beta en esclerosis múltiple
Visits
1411
A.L. Guerrero
Corresponding author
gueneurol@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, M.A. Tejero, F. Gutiérrez, J. Martín-Polo, F. Iglesias, E. Laherran, J.I. Martín-Serradilla, S. Merino
Sección de Neurología, Complejo Asistencial de Palencia, Palencia, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Objective

Clinical trials with interferon beta in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) have demonstrated a reduction in the relapse rate. Nevertheless, not all patients respond to this treatment, although there is no consensus regarding the definition of response to therapy. The reasons for this failure are not known but genetic factors probably influence this, as has been previously shown with Interleukin 10 or Interferon gamma polymorphisms.

The role of apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene in MS has been investigated and does not appear to increase risk for MS or influence disease severity. Interestingly APOE variation influences response to cholinesterase inhibitor treatment in Alzheimer disease or to statins in hypercholesterolemia. This might have future implications for MS.

Material and methods

We retrospectively reviewed 38 RRMS patients (32 females and 6 males) treated with interferon beta (INFbeta) over at least two years. Criteria for treatment were uniform accordingly to an “Advisory Committee for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis”. We collected data variables including age, age of onset, clinical type or disease duration. Patients were classified, two years after the start of treatment, as responders and non-responders based upon clinical criteria available in the literature, which rely on the presence of relapses, increase of disability, or both. APOE genotype was determined from blood samples using validated polymerase chain reaction methods. Correlation between patient responding status with allele E2 or E4 was tested.

Results

A total of 20 patients (52.6%) received subcutaneous INFbeta1b (Betaferon®), 13 (34.2%) INFbeta1a intramuscular (Avonex®), and 5 (13.2%) subcutaneous INFbeta1a (Rebif®). We found 2 patients (5.2%) heterozygous for the E2 allele and 9 (23.7%) for the E4 allele. No patient was homozygous for E2 or E4. Comparison of patients with and without E2 or E4 allele showed no significant differences in any of the ten therapy response variables assessed.

Conclusion

Findings of a recent meta-analysis have not supported a role for APOE in MS susceptibility or severity. We have not found, in our data, any influence of this gene in the RRMS response to INFbeta. However, larger series would be required to validate these results.

Keywords:
Multiple sclerosis
Treatment response
Pharmacogenetics
APOE
Resumen
Objetivos

Los ensayos clínicos llevados a cabo con el interferón beta (INFB) en esclerosis múltiple remitente recidivante (EMRR) han mostrado que reducen la tasa de brotes. Sin embargo, no todos los pacientes responden a este tratamiento, si bien aún no hay un absoluto consenso a propósito de la definición de respuesta al tratamiento. Las razones para este fracaso terapéutico no son conocidas, y probablemente hay factores genéticos implicados, como se ha mostrado con los polimorfismos de los genes que codifican la interleuquina 10 o el interferón gamma. El papel del gen de la apolipoproteína E (APOE) en la EM ha sido investigado en los últimos años y no parece aumentar el riesgo de aparición de la enfermedad ni influir en su severidad. Variaciones en este gen influyen en la respuesta al tratamiento con inhibidores de la colinesterasa en la enfermedad de Alzheimer o a las estatinas en la hipercolesterolemia. Esto podría tener implicaciones futuras en la EM.

Material y métodos

Hemos revisado retrospectivamente 38 pacientes diagnosticados de EMRR (32 mujeres y 6 varones) tratados con INFB durante al menos dos años. Los criterios para llevar a cabo el tratamiento eran uniformes de acuerdo con las indicaciones del Comité asesor para el tratamiento de la EM. Recogimos datos acerca de la edad y tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad. Al cabo de dos años del inicio del tratamiento los pacientes fueron clasificados como respondedores o no-respondedores de acuerdo con los criterios clínicos disponibles, basados en la presencia de brotes, evolución de la discapacidad, o ambos. El genotipo APOE se determinó de muestras sanguíneas utilizando métodos validados de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Se estudió la correlación entre la condición de respondedor o no respondedor y la presencia de los alelos E2 o E4.

Resultados

Veinte pacientes (52,6%) recibían INFB1b subcutáneo (Betaferón®), 13 (34,2%) INFB1a intramuscular (Avonex®) y 5 (13,2%) INFB1a subcutáneo (Rebif®). Dos pacientes (5,2%) eran heterocigotos para el alelo E2 y 9 (23,7%) para el alelo E4. Ningún paciente era homocigoto para E2 o E4. La presencia o no de estos alelos no se correlacionó con la respuesta al tratamiento de acuerdo con las 10 variables estudiadas.

Conclusión

Tras los resultados de un metanálisis que no muestran influencia del gen APOE en la susceptibilidad o severidad de la EM, no hemos encontrado en nuestra serie influencia de este gen en la respuesta de pacientes con EMRR al INFB. En cualquier caso, series más extensas son necesarias para validar estos resultados.

Palabras clave:
Esclerosis múltiple
Respuesta al tratamiento
Farmacogenética
APOE
Full text is only aviable in PDF
References
[1]
O. Fernández Fernández, V.E. Fernández Sánchez, C. Mayorga, M. Guerrero Fernández, A. León, J.A. Tamayo Toledo, et al.
Respuesta al interferón beta en la esclerosis múltiple asociada con la discapacidad previa al tratamiento.
Rev Neurol, 43 (2006), pp. 322-329
[2]
V. Tomassini, A. Paolillo, P. Russo, E. Giugni, L. Prosperini, C. Gasperini, et al.
Predictors of long-term clinical response to interferon beta therapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis.
J Neurol, 253 (2006), pp. 287-293
[3]
C. Caon.
Maximising therapeutic outcomes in patients failing on current therapy.
J Neurol Sci, 277 (2009), pp. 533-536
[4]
J. Río, C. Nos, M. Tintoré, N. Téllez, I. Galán, R. Pelayo, et al.
Defining the response to interferon-beta in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis Patients.
Ann Neurol, 59 (2006), pp. 344-352
[5]
R.A. Rudick, J.-C. Lee, J. Simon, R.M. Ransohoff, E. Fisher.
Defining interferon beta response status in multiple sclerosis patients.
Ann Neurol, 56 (2004), pp. 548-555
[6]
S. Stürzebecher, K.P. Wandinger, A. Rosenwald, M. Sathyamoorthy, A. Tzou, P. Mattar, et al.
Expression profiling identifies responder and non-responder phenotypes to interferon-beta in multiple sclerosis.
Brain, 126 (2003), pp. 1419-1429
[7]
R.M. Burwick, P.P. Ramsay, J.L. Haines, S.L. Hauser, J.R. Oksenberg, M.A. Pericak-Vance, et al.
APOE epsilon variation in multiple sclerosis susceptibility and disease severity.
Some answers. Neurology, 66 (2006), pp. 1373-1383
[8]
J. Pedro-Botet, E.J. Schaefer, R.G. Bakker-Arkema, D.M. Black, E.M. Stein, D. Corella, et al.
Apolipoprotein E genotype affects plasma lipid response to atorvastatin in a gender specific manner.
Atherosclerosis, 158 (2001), pp. 183-193
[9]
C. Pozzilli, L. Prosperini.
Clinical markers of therapeutic response to disease modifying drugs.
Neurol Sci, 29 (2008), pp. S211-S213
[10]
B.A. Cohen, O. Khan, D.R. Jeffery, K. Bashir, S.A. Rizvi, E.J. Fox, et al.
Identifying and treating patients with suboptimal responses.
Neurology, 63 (2004), pp. S33-S40
[11]
P. Villoslada, J.R. Oksenberg, J. Río, X. Montalbán.
Clinical characteristics of responders to interferon therapy for relapsing MS.
Neurology, 62 (2004), pp. 1653
[12]
E. Waubant, S. Vukusic, L. Gignoux, F. Durand-Dubief, I. Achiti, S. Blanc, et al.
Clinical characteristics of responders to interferon therapy for relapsing MS.
Neurology, 61 (2003), pp. 184-189
[13]
L. Leyva, O. Fernández, M. Fedetz, E. Blanco, V.E. Fernández, B. Oliver, et al.
IFNAR 1 and IFNAR2 polymorphisms confer susceptibility to multiple sclerosis but not to interferon-beta treatment response.
J Neuroimmunol, 163 (2005), pp. 165-171
[14]
J.A. Cohen, J.L. Carter, R.P. Kinkel, S.R. Schwid.
Therapy of relapsing multiple sclerosis. Treatment approaches for nonresponders.
J Neuroimmunol, 98 (1999), pp. 29-36
[15]
J. Río, C. Nos, M. Tintoré, C. Borrás, I. Galán, M. Comabella, et al.
Assessment of different treatment failure criteria in a cohort of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis Patients treated with interferon beta: implications for clinical trials.
Ann Neurol, 52 (2002), pp. 400-406
[16]
R.A. Rudick.
Measuring the impact of therapeutic intervention. Thinking beyond traditional outcomes.
Neurology, 74 (2010), pp. S1-S2
[17]
G. Cutter.
Evidence of treatment benefit: is seeing believing or obfuscation by statistics.
Mult Scler, 15 (2009), pp. 1251-1252
[18]
M. Comabella, D.W. Craig, C. Morcillo-Suárez, J. Río, A. Navarro, M. Fernández, et al.
Genome-wide Scan of 500,000 Single- Nucleotide Polymorphisms Among Responders and Nonresponders to Interferon Beta Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis.
Arch Neurol, 66 (2009), pp. 972-978
[19]
A.W. Chiu, N. Richert, M. Ehrmantraut, J. Ohayon, S. Gupta, G. Bomboi, et al.
Heterogeneity in response to Interferon Beta in patients with Multiple Sclerosis. A 3-year monthly imaging study.
Arch Neurol, 66 (2009), pp. 39-43
[20]
A. Martínez, V. De las Heras, A. Mas Fontao, M. Bartolomé, E.G. De la Concha, E. Urcelay, et al.
An IFNG polymorphism is associated with interferon-beta response in spanish MS Patients.
J Neuroimmunol, 173 (2006), pp. 196-199
[21]
F. Gilli, F. Marnetto, M. Caldano, A. Sala, S. Malucchi, M. Capobianco, et al.
Biological markers of interferon-beta therapy: comparison among interferon-stimulated genes MxA.
TRAIL and XAF-1. Mult Scler, 12 (2006), pp. 47-57
[22]
C. Laske, P. Oschmann, J. Tofighi, B.S. Kühne, H. Diehl, T. Brezenger, et al.
Prognostic value of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 in multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon beta 1b.
Eur Neurol, 46 (2001), pp. 210-214
[23]
K.-P. Wandinger, J.D. Lünemann, O. Wengert, J. Bellmann-Strobl, O. Aktas, A. Weber, et al.
TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) as a potential response marker for interferon-beta treatment in multiple sclerosis.
Lancet, 361 (2003), pp. 2036-2043
[24]
E.C. Walsh, S. Guschwan-Mcmahon, M.J. Daly, D.A. Hafler, J.D. Rioux.
Genetic analysis of multiple sclerosis.
J Autoimmunity, 21 (2003), pp. 111-116
[25]
S. Wergeland, A. Beiske, H. Nyland, H. Hovdal, D. Jensen, J.P. Larsen, et al.
IL-10 promoter haplotype influence on interferon treatment response in multiple sclerosis.
Eur J Neurol, 12 (2005), pp. 171-175
[26]
P. Villoslada, L.F. Barcellos, J. Río, A.B. Begovich, M. Tintore, J. Sastre-Garriga, et al.
The HLA locus and multiple sclerosis in Spain.
Role in disease susceptibility, clinical course and response to interferon-beta. J Neuroimmunol, 130 (2002), pp. 194-201
[27]
U. Sriram, L.F. Barcellos, P. Villoslada, J. Río, S.E. Baranzini, S. Caillier, et al.
Pharmacogenomic analysis of interferon receptor polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis.
Genes and Immunity, 4 (2003), pp. 147-152
[28]
O. Fernández, V. Fernández, C. Mayorga, M. Guerrero, A. León, J.A. Tamayo, et al.
HLA class II and response to interferon-beta in multiple sclerosis.
Acta Neurol Scand, 112 (2005), pp. 391-394
[29]
M.D.C. Cenit, F. Blanco-Kelly, V. De las Heras, M. Bartolomé, E.G. De la Concha, E. Urcelay, et al.
Glypican 5 is an interferon-beta response gene: a replication study.
Mult Scler, 15 (2009), pp. 913-917
[30]
T. Corona, J.L. Guerrero-Camacho, M.E. Alonso-Vilatela, J.J. Flores-Rivera.
Ausencia de relación entre los genotipos de apolipoproteína E y la gravedad de la esclerosis múltiple en pacientes mexicanos.
Rev Neurol, 50 (2010), pp. 19-22
[31]
E. Portaccio, V. Zipoli, B. Goretti, B. Hakiki, B. Nacmias, G. Siracusa, et al.
Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele is not associated with disease course and severity in multiple sclerosis.
Acta Neurol Scand, 120 (2009), pp. 439-441
[32]
A. Van der Walt, J. Stankovich, M. Bahlo, B.V. Taylor, I.A.F. Van der Mei, S.J. Foote, et al.
Apolipoprotein genotype does not influence MS severity, cognition, or brain atrophy.
Neurology, 73 (2009), pp. 1018-1025
[33]
A.L. Guerrero, E. Laherrán, F. Gutiérrez, J. Martín-Polo, C. Alcázar, J. Peralta, et al.
Apolipoprotein E genotype does not associate with disease severity measured by Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score.
Acta Neurol Scand, 117 (2008), pp. 21-25
[34]
R.H. Roxburgh, S.R. Seaman, T. Masterman, A.E. Hensiek, S.J. Sawcer, S. Vukusic, et al.
Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score.
[35]
O. Neuhaus, O. Stüve, S.S. Zamvil, H.-P. Hartung.
Are statins a treatment option for multiple sclerosis?.
Lancet Neurol, 3 (2004), pp. 369-371
[36]
F. Paul, S. Waiczies, J. Wuerfel, J. Bellmann-Strobl, J. Dörr, H. Waiczies, et al.
Oral high-dose atorvastatin treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Partially presented as a poster at the 17th Congress of the European Neurological Society (ENS). Rhodes, Greece, June 2007.

Copyright © 2011. Sociedad Española de Neurología
Article options
Tools
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos