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Inicio Neurología (English Edition) Cryptogenic stroke in young patients: Long-term prognosis and recurrence
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Vol. 26. Issue 5.
Pages 279-284 (January 2011)
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Vol. 26. Issue 5.
Pages 279-284 (January 2011)
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Cryptogenic stroke in young patients: Long-term prognosis and recurrence
Infarto cerebral criptogénico en pacientes jóvenes. Pronóstico y recurrencia a largo plazo
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1217
A. Arauza,
Corresponding author
, M. Merlos-Beníteza, L.F. Roaa, B. Hernández-Curiela, C. Cantúb, L. Murilloc, J. Roldánd, J. Vargas-Barrónd, F. Barinagarrementeriae
a Clínica de Enfermedad Vascular Cerebral, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, México City, Mexico
b Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
c Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
d Departamento de Ecocardiografía, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México City, Mexico
e Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Valle de México, Querétaro, Mexico
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Abstract
Background

Around 40% of strokes in young people are labelled as infarcts of undetermined cause. The aim of this study was to determine the image characteristics, the long-term functional outcome and recurrence after cryptogenic ischaemic stroke.

Methods

We studied ninety-eight patients under 45 years of age during a median follow up of 54 months (range 12–238), with ischaemic stroke of undetermined cause. We registered vascular risk factors, clinical syndrome, laboratory and imaging results. We used Rankin disability score to assess functional outcome. The cases were evaluated with intracranial and extracranial vascular imaging studies, echocardiogram, and at least two determinations of prothrombotic states.

Results

In our hospital 11% of the patients with cerebral infarction under 45 years of age were labelled as cryptogenic. The mean age of the cases was 39.5±5, 48 (49%) were women, 6 (6%) had arterial hypertension, 7 (7%) prior history of migraine, 32 (33%) were active smokers, 11 (11%) had hypercholesterolemia, and 11 (11%) had alcoholism. All cases were treated with aspirin. We observed good functional outcome (Rankin 0–2) in 65 (65%) cases. The anterior circulation was the most affected (partial in 56%, total in 12%). Infarction was unique in 87 (88%) cases. Recurrence was observed in 4 (4%) cases.

Conclusions

In this study cryptogenic cerebral infarctions were mostly single, had low recurrence and good functional outcome in the long-term follow-up. Total anterior circulation infarctions correlated with poor outcome.

Keywords:
Cryptogenic infarct
Recurrence
Outcome
Resumen
Antecedentes

En menores de 45 años, el infarto cerebral (IC) criptogénico representa hasta el 40% de los casos. El objetivo de la presente serie es determinar la tasa de recurrencia, la evolución clínica funcional a largo plazo y las características de imagen de pacientes menores de 45 años, con IC criptogénico.

Métodos

98 pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de IC criptogénico fueron seguidos durante una mediana de 54 meses (rango de 12 a 238). Registramos los datos demográficos, factores de riesgo, hallazgos clínicos, de laboratorio y de imagen, así como las complicaciones y la evolución funcional. La evaluación de los casos incluyó estudios de imagen vascular intra y extracraneal, ecocardiograma y dos determinaciones de estudios protrombóticos.

Resultados

Esta serie representa el 11% de los casos de IC en jóvenes en nuestro hospital. La edad promedio de los casos fue de 39,5±5, 48 (49%) fueron mujeres, 6 (6%) tenían hipertensión arterial, 11 (11%) hipercolesterolemia, 7 (7%) antecedente de migraña, 32 (33%) de tabaquismo activo y 11 (11%) de alcoholismo. Todos los casos fueron manejados con aspirina. Se observó buen pronóstico funcional (Rankin 0 a 2) en 65 (66%) casos y recurrencia en 4 (4%). La circulación anterior (parcial en 56%, total 12%) fue la más afectada y en 87 (88%) casos el infarto fue único.

Conclusiones

En esta serie, los IC criptogénicos fueron mayoritariamente únicos, con baja recurrencia y buen pronóstico funcional a largo plazo. Los infartos totales de circulación anterior se correlacionaron con mal pronóstico.

Palabras clave:
Infarto cerebral en joven
Pronóstico
Recurrencia
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Copyright © 2011. Sociedad Española de Neurología
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