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Vol. 26. Issue 4.
Pages 208-213 (January 2011)
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Vol. 26. Issue 4.
Pages 208-213 (January 2011)
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Analysis of the pain in multiple sclerosis patients
Análisis del dolor en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple
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L. Grau-Lópeza,
Corresponding author
laiagrlo@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, S. Sierraa, E. Martínez-Cáceresb, C. Ramo-Telloa
a Departamento de Neurociencias, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
b Laboratorio de Inmunologia (LIRAD) Banc de Sang i Teixits, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Despite pain being a disabling symptom in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), its prevalence and characteristics are not well established. The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics and prevalence of pain in patients with MS, and to assess the associated clinical variables and radiological findings.

Methods

We prospectively studied patients with MS. A structured questionnaire which evaluated depression symptoms, type of pain, location, intensity (defined according to a visual analogue scale (VAS) as severe (VAS 7–10), moderate (VAS 4–6) and mild (VAS 0–4), and pain therapy was recorded in patients who referred to pain at the time of interview. Protocol variables were demographic data, MS clinical forms (remitting-relapsing, progressive-secondary and progressive-primary), neurological dysfunction (defined according to EDSS scale), symptoms at onset, attack frequency, illness duration, disease modifying treatment, fatigue, spasticity, oligoclonal bands in CSF, visual evoked potentials, depression symptoms (Hamilton test) and presence of lesions in spinal cord MRI.

Results

A total of 134 MS patients were included, and MRI was performed on 105 of them. Pain was reported by 74 (55%) patients and was most frequently neuropathic, located in limbs, severe and burning/spiky. Of these 28 (38%) received therapy for their pain, based predominantly in anti-inflammatory drugs. Patients with pain had a worse functional state (EDSS score, 4.5 [3–6] vs 1.5 [1–2], p<0.001), higher number of relapses (7.13±3.4 vs 3.75±2.9, p<0.001), progressive forms of MS (86.7% vs 13.3%, p<0.001), depression (91.9% vs 8.1%, p<0.001), spinal cord involvement at onset (79.2% vs 20.8%, p=0.009), spinal cord lesions by MRI (84.3% vs 15.7%, p<0.001) and longer duration of disease (14.6±7.8 vs 8.43±5.9 months, p<0.001). In a logistic regression model, the presence of lesions in spinal cord MRI (OR 3.5 [1.5–24.5]) and higher EDSS score (OR 1.7 [1.1–2.7]) were independently associated with pain.

Conclusions

Pain is a frequent disabling symptom in MS and is associated with disability and spinal cord lesions.

Keywords:
Multiple sclerosis
Pain
Spinal cord
Resumen
Introducción

El dolor es un síntoma común en la esclerosis múltiple (EM) pero su prevalencia y características no están bien definidas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la prevalencia, las características del dolor en pacientes con EM y determinar variables clínicas y radiológicas asociadas.

Métodos

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo y descriptivo de pacientes con EM. Se evaluó la presencia de dolor en el momento de inclusión. A aquellos pacientes que referían dolor se les analizó el tipo (neuropático, nociceptivo o ambos), la localización y la intensidad (medida por la escala visual analógica) del dolor, así como la analgesia recibida. Se recogieron variables demográficas, tipo de EM, disfunción neurológica (EDSS), frecuencia de brotes, años de evolución, síntomas depresivos (evaluados por el test de Hamilton), tratamiento inmunomodulador, fatiga, espasticidad, presencia de lesiones en resonancia medular y un test de calidad de vida.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 134 pacientes. Se realizó resonancia medular en 105. El 55% (74) presentaron dolor. Mayoritariamente fue neuropático, urente, en las extremidades y percibido como grave. De ellos recibió analgesia el 38%. Los pacientes con dolor presentaban mayor discapacidad (EDSS 4,5 [3–6] frente a 1,5 [1–2]; p<0,001), mayor número de brotes (7,13±3,4 frente a 3,75±2,9; p<0,001), mayor tiempo de evolución (14,6±7,8 frente a 8,43±5,9 meses; p<0,001), formas progresivas (86,7% frente a 13,3%, p<0,001), depresión (91,9% frente a 8,1%; p<0,001) y mayor presencia de lesiones en la resonancia medular (84,3% frente a 15,7%; p<0,001). En el análisis multivariante las lesiones en resonancia medular (OR: 3,5 [1,5–24,5]; p=0,001) y la discapacidad (OR: 1,7 [1,1–2,7]; p=0,014) se asociaron de forma independiente con dolor.

Conclusiones

El dolor en la EM es frecuente y percibido como grave. Se asocia con la presencia de lesiones en la resonancia medular y con mayor discapacidad.

Palabras clave:
Esclerosis múltiple
Dolor
Resonancia medular
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Copyright © 2011. Sociedad Española de Neurología
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