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Medicina de Familia. SEMERGEN Tentativa de suicidio: evolución de las visitas en Urgencias de un hospital com...
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Vol. 51. Issue 7.
(October 2025)
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Vol. 51. Issue 7.
(October 2025)
ORIGINAL
Tentativa de suicidio: evolución de las visitas en Urgencias de un hospital comarcal en Barcelona, estudio transversal de 2019 a 2023
Suicide attempt: Evolution of emergency department visits in a regional hospital in Barcelona, cross-sectional study from 2019 to 2023
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J. Guil Sànchez
Servei d’Urgències, Hospital Universitari de Mollet, Fundació Sanitària de Mollet, Mollet del Vallès, Barcelona, España
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Tabla 1. Características de los pacientes del estudio
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Tabla 2. Características de los episodios de suicidio
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Tabla 3. Principales fármacos empleados en los episodios de tentativa de suicidio
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Resumen
Objetivo

Estudiar las características de los pacientes que consultaron en urgencias por tentativa de suicidio entre 2019 y 2023 y las características de los episodios.

Material y métodos

Estudio descriptivo del 1 de enero del 2019 al 31 de diciembre del 2023. Se incluyeron variables demográficas (sexo, edad), clínicas (antecedentes psiquiátricos, medicación psicotrópica, abuso de tóxicos, seguimiento en Salud Mental, existencia de intento autolítico previo) y características del episodio (mecanismo, motivo, destino).

Resultados

Consultaron 810 pacientes, 64,6% mujeres, edad media 39,6 ± 18,1. Presentaban antecedentes psiquiátricos 688 (84,9%): hombres 228 (79,4%), mujeres 460 (87,9%). Realizaban seguimiento en Salud Mental 384 (47,4%): hombres 115 (40,1%), mujeres 269 (51,4%). Presentaron un intento de suicidio previo 271 (33,5%): hombres 78 (27,2%), mujeres 193 (36,9%). Consumían sustancias tóxicas 226 (32,8%): hombres 131 (45,6%), mujeres 135 (25,8%), alcohol 197 (87,2%), cocaína, 115 (43,2%), y THC 108 (40,6%).

En 551 (68%) episodios el mecanismo fue la ingesta medicamentosa. Benzodiacepinas en primer lugar, 423 (76,8%), seguido de antidepresivos 119 (21,2%) y analgésico/AINE 89 (16,1%). Ingerían tóxicos 185 (22,8%), 82 (28,6%) hombres, 103 (19,7%) mujeres, alcohol en 148 (80%). Presentaron lesiones autoinfligidas 88 (10,9%). Presentaron desencadenantes 331 (40,9%) casos: problemática de pareja 115 (34,7%), familiar 106 (32%). Se derivaron a Salud Mental 608 (75,1%) pacientes, ingresaron 73 (9%) en Unidades de Psiquiatría.

Conclusiones

Consultaron 810 pacientes entre 2019 y 2023, un incremento del 80,8% en las consultas en urgencias por tentativa de suicidio durante el periodo de estudio. La mayoría fueron mujeres y tenía antecedentes psiquiátricos. Aproximadamente la mitad realizaba seguimiento en Salud Mental. Un tercio había intentado suicidarse previamente. La mayoría fue por ingesta medicamentosa, sobre todo benzodiacepinas. Los principales desencadenantes fueron problemas de pareja y familiares. El 75,1% de pacientes fue derivado a Salud Mental, el 9% ingresó en Unidades de Psiquiatría.

Palabras clave:
Tentativa de suicidio
Ideación suicida
Urgencias
Salud Mental
Psiquiatría
Prevalencia
Abstract
Objective

To study the characteristics of patients who consulted in the emergency department for suicide attempts between 2019-2023 and the characteristics of the episodes.

Material and methods

Descriptive study from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2023. We included demographic variables (sex, age), clinical variables (psychiatric history, psychotropic medication, substance abuse, follow-up in Mental Health, existence of previous self-harm attempt) and characteristics of the episode (mechanism, motive, destination).

Results

810 patients consulted, 64.6% women, mean age 39.6±18.1. They had a psychiatric history 688 (84.9%): men 228 (79.4%), women 460 (87.9%). Follow-up in Mental Health 384(47,4%): men 115 (40,1%), women 269 (51,4%). They had a previous suicide attempt 271 (33.5%): men 78 (27.2%), women 193 (36.9%). They used intoxicants 226(32.8%): men 131 (45.6%), women 135 (25.8%), alcohol 197 (87.2%), cocaine 115 (43.2%), and THC 108 (40.6%).

In 551 (68%) episodes the mechanism was drug intake. Benzodiazepines came first, 423 (76.8%), followed by antidepressants 119 (21.2%) and analgesic/NSAIDs 89 (16.1%). Ingestion of intoxicants was 185 (22.8%), 82 (28.6%) men, 103 (19.7%) women, alcohol in 148 (80%). Self-inflicted injuries were present in 88 (10.9%). There were 331 (40.9%) cases with triggers: relationship problems 115 (34.7%), family problems 106 (32%). 608(75.1%) patients were referred to Mental Health, 73(9%) were admitted to Psychiatric Units.

Conclusions

Consulted 810 patients between 2019-2023, an 80.8% increase in ED consultations for suicide attempts during the study period. The majority were women and had a psychiatric history. Approximately half were being followed up in Mental Health. One third had previously attempted suicide. Most were due to medication intake, mainly benzodiazepines. The main triggers were relationship and family problems. 75.1% of patients were referred to Mental Health, 9% were admitted to Psychiatric Units.

Keywords:
Suicide attempt
Suicidal ideation
Emergency Department
Mental Health
Psychiatry
Prevalence

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