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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) The need for kidney biopsy in suspected primary membranous nephropathy with typi...
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Vol. 166. Issue 8.
(August 2026)
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Vol. 166. Issue 8.
(August 2026)
Original article

The need for kidney biopsy in suspected primary membranous nephropathy with typical clinical presentation and positive anti-PLA2R antibodies

Necesidad de la biopsia renal ante sospecha de nefropatía membranosa primaria con presentación clínica típica y anticuerpos anti-PLA2R
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Martín Rodolfo Cheballiera,
Corresponding author
, Pehuén Fernándeza,b, Juan Pablo Maldonadoa, Greta Schwarza, Pablo Lujánb,c, Marco Mazzottad, Emanuel José Saadb,e, Javier de Arteagaa,b, Walter Douthata,b, Jorge de la Fuentea,b, Carlos Chiurchiua,b
a Servicio de Nefrología y Programa de Trasplantes renales, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
b Carrera de Posgrado en Nefrología, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
c Servicio de Laboratorio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
d Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
e Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Abstract
Introduction

According to KDIGO guidelines, in patients with nephrotic syndrome without atypical features (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m², rapid decline in kidney function, or significant hematuria), without suspicion of secondary causes or diabetes mellitus, and with the presence of anti–phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies (anti-PLA2R), a kidney biopsy is not required to confirm the diagnosis of primary membranous nephropathy (PMN). The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of anti-PLA2R for predicting PMN.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study including adult patients with suspected nephrotic syndrome in whom serum anti-PLA2R was measured and who subsequently underwent a kidney biopsy between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2022, at our institution.

Results

A total of 44 patients were included; 17 had positive anti-PLA2R and 27 were anti-PLA2R negative. All patients with positive anti-PLA2R were diagnosed with PMN on kidney biopsy (100%; n = 17). Among anti-PLA2R–negative patients (n = 27), 13 (48.1%) had membranous nephropathy, of whom 9 were classified as PMN. Using a cutoff value >20 RU/mL, anti-PLA2R showed a specificity and positive predictive value of 100% for the diagnosis of PMN, with a sensitivity of 56.7% and a negative predictive value of 51.9%.

Conclusion

Measurement of anti-PLA2R demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy for PMN in our setting and may allow kidney biopsy to be avoided in a selected subgroup of patients with a typical clinical presentation, thereby optimizing resources and reducing invasive procedures. Larger local studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Keywords:
Membranous nephropathy
Phospholipase A2 receptor 1
Autoantibodies
Nephrotic syndrome
Biopsy
Resumen
Introducción

Según las guías KDIGO, en pacientes con síndrome nefrótico sin hallazgos atípicos (tasa de filtrado glomerular < 60 mL/min/1,73 m², deterioro rápido de la función renal o hematuria significativa), sin sospecha de etiología secundaria ni diabetes mellitus, y con presencia de anticuerpos contra el receptor de la fosfolipasa A2 (anti-PLA2R), no es necesaria la realización de una biopsia renal (BR) para confirmar el diagnóstico de nefropatía membranosa primaria (NMP). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la utilidad del anti-PLA2R para predecir el diagnóstico de NMP.

Metodología

Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal que incluyó a pacientes adultos con sospecha de síndrome nefrótico a quienes se les determinó el anticuerpo anti-PLA2R en sangre y se les practicó, de manera consecutiva, una BR entre el 1 de enero de 2019 y el 31 de diciembre de 2022 en nuestra institución.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 44 pacientes, de los cuales 17 presentaron anti-PLA2R positivo y 27 negativo. Todos los pacientes con anti-PLA2R positivo fueron diagnosticados con NMP por BR (100%; n = 17). Entre los pacientes con anti-PLA2R negativo (n = 27), 13 (48,1%) presentaron nefropatía membranosa, de los cuales 9 correspondieron a NMP. El punto de corte >20 RU/mL del anti-PLA2R mostró una especificidad y valor predictivo positivo del 100% para el diagnóstico de NMP, con una sensibilidad del 56,7% y un valor predictivo negativo del 51,9%.

Conclusión

La determinación del anti-PLA2R presenta un alto rendimiento diagnóstico para la NMP en nuestra población y puede permitir evitar la BR en un subgrupo seleccionado de pacientes con presentación clínica típica, optimizando recursos y reduciendo procedimientos invasivos. Estudios locales con mayor tamaño muestral serán necesarios para confirmar estos hallazgos.

Palabras clave:
Nefropatía membranosa
Receptor 1 de fosfolipasa A2
Autoanticuerpos
Síndrome nefrótico
Biopsia

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