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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) The distribution and clinical significance of anti-nuclear antibodies in patient...
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Vol. 166. Issue 1.
(January 2026)
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Vol. 166. Issue 1.
(January 2026)
Original article

The distribution and clinical significance of anti-nuclear antibodies in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy in Southwest China

La distribución y la importancia clínica de los anticuerpos antinucleares en pacientes con miopatía inflamatoria idiopática en el suroeste de China
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Yixue Guoa,b,c, Hongjiang Liud, Keyi Zhanga,b,c, Liye Menga,b,c, Qian Niua,b,c, Junlong Zhanga,b,c, Qibing Xied, Zhuochun Huanga,b,c,
Corresponding author
huangzcscu@163.com

Corresponding author.
a Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
b Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
c Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
d Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Abstract
Background

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a group of autoimmune diseases characterized by skeletal muscle involvement. The association of anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) testing with clinical features in IIM patients has not been fully elucidated.

Methods

We retrospectively included patients who were diagnosed with IIM between January 2012 and February 2023, then systematically tested ANA titers and analyzed the ANA patterns of IIM patients by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Demographic, clinical and relevant laboratory data were recorded and further analyzed in 673 ANA-positive IIM patients.

Results

Of the 673 IIM patients, 487 (72.4%) were female. Nuclear speckled (58.2%) and cytoplasmic speckled (21.5%) were the most common observed ANA patterns in our cohort. The high ANA titer group had lower complement (C3: P=0.001; C4: P<0.0001), white blood cell counts (P=0.023) and elevated positive rates of extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) antibodies (all P<0.05) compared to the low ANA titer group. In addition, the proportion of nuclear speckled patterns was higher in the low ANA titer group (P<0.0001), while the high ANA titer group displayed more cytoplasmic speckled patterns (P=0.001). There were statistically significant differences in ANA titers (P=0.015) and patterns (P=0.023) among different myositis subtypes. Meanwhile, it was notable that patients with cytoplasmic speckled patterns had the highest interstitial lung disease (ILD) prevalence.

Conclusions

ANA titers and patterns may predict prognosis in IIM patients.

Keywords:
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy
Anti-nuclear antibody
Pattern
Titer
Interstitial lung disease
Abbreviations:
IIMs
ANA
IFA
ENA
ILD
SLE
JIA
ICAP
MSAs
FITC
RNP
Sm
SSA
SSB
Scl-70
Jo-1
RIB
Ro-52
WBC
NEUT
LYMPH
MONO
RBC
HGB
PLT
ALT
AST
ALB
CREA
UA
GLU
TG
CHOL
CK
LDH
IgA
IgM
IgE
C3
C4
MCTD
MAAs
Resumen
Antecedentes

Las miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas (MII) son un grupo de enfermedades autoinmunes caracterizadas por la participación del músculo esquelético. La asociación de las pruebas de anticuerpos antinucleares (ANA) con características clínicas en pacientes con MII no ha sido completamente elucidada.

Métodos

Incluimos retrospectivamente pacientes que fueron diagnosticados con MII entre enero de 2012 y febrero de 2023, luego analizamos sistemáticamente los títulos de ANA y analizamos los patrones de ANA de pacientes con MII mediante ensayo de inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFA). Los datos demográficos, clínicos y relevantes de laboratorio se registraron y analizaron adicionalmente en 673 pacientes de MII ANA-positivos.

Resultados

De los 673 pacientes con MII, 487 (72,4%) eran mujeres. Las manchas nucleares (58,2%) y las manchas citoplasmáticas (21,5%) fueron los patrones de ANA observados más comunes en nuestra cohorte. El grupo con alto título de ANA tenía un complemento más bajo (C3: p=0,001; C4: p <0, 0001), recuentos de glóbulos blancos (p=0,023) y tasas positivas elevadas de anticuerpos de antígeno nuclear extraíble (ENA) (todos p <0,05) en comparación con el grupo con bajo título de ANA. Además, la proporción de patrones manchados nucleares fue mayor en el grupo de título de ANA bajo (p <0,0001), mientras que el grupo de título de ANA alto mostró más patrones manchados citoplasmáticos (p=0,001). Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los títulos de ANA (p=0,015) y patrones (p=0,023) entre diferentes subtipos de miositis. Mientras tanto, fue notable que los pacientes con patrones de manchas citoplasmáticas tenían la mayor prevalencia de enfermedad pulmonar intersticial (EPI).

Conclusiones

Los títulos y patrones de ANA pueden predecir el pronóstico en pacientes con MII.

Palabras clave:
Miopatía inflamatoria idiopática
Anticuerpo antinuclear
Patrón
Título
Enfermedad pulmonar intersticial

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