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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Prognostic value of the PROFUND index in patients with chronic obstructive pulmo...
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328
Vol. 166. Issue 2.
(February 2026)
Original article

Prognostic value of the PROFUND index in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after exacerbation

Valor pronóstico del índice PROFUND en paciente con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica tras agudización
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328
Irene Casado López
Corresponding author
irenemaricalo@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Francisco Javier Teigell Muñoz, José Manuel Casas Rojo, María Mateos González, Alba Hernández Piriz, Pilar Cubo Romano
Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Infanta Cristina, Parla, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Objective

To evaluate the prognostic value of the PROFUND index for predicting all-cause mortality during hospitalization or within three months after discharge in patients hospitalized due to COPD exacerbation, as well as predicting readmissions within three months.

Method

An observational, retrospective, single-center study that included all patients hospitalized between January and December 2022 due to COPD exacerbation.

Results

The analysis included 172 patients. Half of the patients (50.6%) were multimorbid. These patients were older, had greater baseline dyspnea, a higher degree of obstruction, greater dependency for basic daily living activities, a higher PROFUND index, and were at higher risk of readmission within three months and in-hospital mortality (p < 0.05). There was a 35.98% readmission rate within three months, mostly due to a new COPD exacerbation (86%), an in-hospital mortality rate of 3.4%, and a three-month mortality rate of 5.2%. A high PROFUND index (≥7) was significantly associated with increased mortality during hospitalization or within the first 3 months after discharge (OR 33, [95% CI 3.9–273.4], p = 0.001) and a higher risk of hospital readmission for any cause (OR 4.91, [CI 1.99−12.13], p = 0.0003). The variables most influencing mortality were severe dyspnea, anemia, confusional syndrome, and functional impairment (Barthel index <60).

Conclusion

The PROFUND index could be a good predictor of mortality and readmission risk in patients hospitalized due to a COPD exacerbation.

Keywords:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
PROFUND index
Prognosis
Mortality
Readmission
Multimorbidity
Resumen
Objetivo

Evaluar el valor del índice PROFUND para la predicción de la mortalidad por cualquier causa durante el ingreso o en los siguientes tres meses tras el alta de pacientes hospitalizados por agudización de EPOC, así como la predicción de reingresos a los tres meses.

Método

Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y unicéntrico en el que se incluyeron todos los pacientes hospitalizados entre enero y diciembre de 2022 por agudización de EPOC.

Resultados

El análisis incluyó 172 pacientes. La mitad de los pacientes (50,6%) eran pacientes pluripatológicos. Estos eran de edad mayor, con más disnea basal, mayor grado de obstrucción, mayor dependencia para las actividades básicas de la vida diaria, un índice PROFUND más elevado y tuvieron más riesgo de reingreso a los tres meses, y de mortalidad intrahospitalaria (p < 0.05). Hubo un 35,98% de reingresos a los tres meses, la mayoría por una nueva agudización de EPOC (86%), una mortalidad durante el ingreso del 3,4% y del 5,2% a los tres meses. Un índice PROFUND elevado (≥7) se asoció significativamente con mayor mortalidad durante el ingreso o dentro de los 3 primeros meses del alta- (OR 33, [IC 95% 3,9–273,4], p = 0.001) y un mayor riesgo de reingreso hospitalario por cualquier causa (OR 4,91, [IC 1,99−12,13], p = 0,0003). Las variables que más influyeron en la mortalidad fueron la disnea severa, la anemia, el síndrome confusional y el deterioro funcional (índice de Barthel <60).

Conclusión

El índice PROFUND podría ser un buen predictor de mortalidad y de riesgo de reingreso en pacientes hospitalizados por una agudización de EPOC.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC)
Índice PROFUND
Pronóstico
Mortalidad
Reingreso
Pluripatología

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