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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Objective gastrointestinal involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis: Prev...
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Objective gastrointestinal involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis: Prevalence and clinico-immunological phenotypes in the REMSCLE registry

Afectación gastrointestinal objetiva en los pacientes con esclerosis sistémica: prevalencia y fenotipos clínico-inmunológicos en el registro REMSCLE
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Alberto Ezquerra-Durána,1,
Corresponding author
ezquerra93@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Alfredo Guillen-del-Castillob,1, Francisco Alejandro Felix Tellezc, Ana Argibay-Filgueirad, Begoña Marí-Alfonsoe, Mayka Freiref, Luis G. Alcalá-Gonzálezc,2, Carmen P. Simeón-Aznarb,2, REMSCLE Registry of the Spanish Multidisciplinary Society of Autoimmune Diseases (SEMAIS) 3
a Neurogastroenterology and Motility Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Institut Clínic de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques (ICMDM), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
b Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
c Digestive System Research Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
d Unit of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases and Thrombosis, Department of Internal Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
e Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
f Unit of Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement is the most frequent visceral manifestation of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. To date, its characterization using specific diagnostic tests has been poorly described in the Spanish population.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted including patients with SSc enrolled in the Spanish Multidisciplinary Scleroderma Registry (REMSCLE) up to April 2024 who had undergone at least one GI diagnostic test. Objective GI involvement was defined as the presence of pathological findings in any of these tests. Clinical, immunological, and functional characteristics were compared between patients with and without objective GI involvement.

Results

A total of 816 patients were included, of whom 492 (60.3%) presented objective GI involvement, with esophageal dysmotility being the most frequent finding (77.3%). GI involvement was associated with an earlier disease onset (46.2 vs. 50.7 years; P = .002), a higher prevalence of the diffuse subtype (23.2% vs. 14.8%; P = .003), and more vascular manifestations, including digital ulcers (42.8% vs. 34.7%; P = .021), telangiectasias (72.0% vs. 63.0%; P = .008), and non-inflammatory myopathy (11.3% vs. 4.4%; P = .015). Patients with GI involvement also showed a higher prevalence of interstitial lung disease (51.4% vs. 39.2%; P = .001) and cardiac involvement (41.3% vs. 28.0%; P < .001). In addition to a distinct immunological profile, a lower frequency of anti-centromere antibodies (43.0% vs. 53.7%; P = .004) and a higher prevalence of anti-U1RNP antibodies (6.5% vs. 3.1%; P = .043) were observed.

Conclusion

Objective GI involvement in the REMSCLE cohort is highly prevalent and is associated with more severe clinical phenotypes, multiorgan involvement, and specific serological profiles, underscoring the need for systematic and early evaluation of GI tract involvement in patients with SSc.

Keywords:
Systemic sclerosis
Gastrointestinal dysmotility
Gastrointestinal involvement
Resumen
Introducción

La afectación gastrointestinal (GI) es la manifestación visceral más frecuente en la esclerosis sistémica (ES) y se asocia con elevada morbimortalidad. Actualmente, su caracterización mediante pruebas diagnósticas específicas ha sido poco descrita en población española.

Métodos

Estudio transversal de pacientes con ES incluidos en Registro Español Multidisciplinar de Esclerodermia (REMSCLE) hasta abril de 2024 con al menos una prueba diagnóstica GI. Se definió afectación GI objetiva como hallazgos patológicos en cualquiera de estas pruebas. Se compararon características clínicas, inmunológicas y funcionales entre pacientes con y sin afectación GI objetiva.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 816 pacientes, de los cuales 492 (60,3%) presentaron afectación GI objetiva, siendo la dismotilidad esofágica el hallazgo más frecuente (77,3%). La afectación GI se asoció a inicio más precoz de la enfermedad (46,2 vs 50,7 años; P = ,002), mayor prevalencia del subtipo difuso (23,2% vs 14,8%; P = ,003) y más manifestaciones vasculares: úlceras digitales (42,8% vs 34,7%; P = ,021), telangiectasias (72,0% vs 63,0%; P = ,008) y miopatía no inflamatoria (11,3% vs 4,4%; P = ,015). Los pacientes con afectación GI presentaron mayor prevalencia de enfermedad pulmonar intersticial (51,4% vs 39,2%; P = ,001) y afectación cardíaca (41,3% vs 28,0%; P < ,001). Además de un perfil inmunológico diferente, se observó menor frecuencia de anticuerpos anti-centrómero (43,0% vs 53,7%; P = ,004) y mayor prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-U1RNP (6,5% vs 3,1%; P = ,043).

Conclusión

La afectación GI objetiva en la cohorte REMSCLE es muy prevalente y se asoció con fenotipos clínicos más graves, compromiso multiorgánico y perfiles serológicos específicos, subrayando la necesidad de una evaluación sistemática y precoz de la afectación del tracto GI en pacientes con ES.

Palabras clave:
Esclerosis sistémica
Dismotilidad gastrointestinal
Afectación gastrointestinal

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