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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Glucocorticoid monotherapy versus combination with methotrexate or tocilizumab i...
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Vol. 166. Issue 8.
(August 2026)
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Vol. 166. Issue 8.
(August 2026)
Original article

Glucocorticoid monotherapy versus combination with methotrexate or tocilizumab in giant cell arteritis: efficacy and safety at 78 weeks in a retrospective cohort study

Monoterapia con glucocorticoides frente a combinación con metotrexato o tocilizumab en arteritis de células gigantes: eficacia y seguridad a 78 semanas en un estudio de cohortes retrospectivo
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Javier Gamazo-Herreroa, Alejandra Vela-Martínb, Laura Rodríguez-Delgadoa, Sara Gómez-Garcíaa, Miguel Martín-Asenjoc,d, Ivan Cusacovichc,d, Roberto González-Fuentesc,d,
Corresponding author
roberto.gonzalez.fuentes@uva.es

Corresponding author.
a Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
b Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
c Departamento de Medicina, Dermatología y Toxicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Valladolid. Valladolid, Spain
d Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid. Valladolid, Spain
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Abstract
Background and objective

The classic treatment for giant cell arteritis (GCA) is based on glucocorticoids (GC), whose prolonged use causes adverse effects. Therefore, GC-sparing drugs are used, although few direct comparative studies exist. We assessed the efficacy and safety of GC monotherapy (GCmono), GC with methotrexate (GC + MTX), and GC with tocilizumab (GC + TCZ).

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of patients with GCA. A composite endpoint (REACT-G) was defined that included relapses, serious infections, and GC-related adverse events at 78 weeks, and the cumulative dose of GC was analyzed.

Results

A total of 52 patients were included; 15 received GCmono, 30 received GC + MTX, and 7 received GC + TCZ. The REACT-G endpoint occurred in 27 patients, mainly due to relapses. GC + TCZ was associated with a lower REACT-G rate (14%) than GCmono (67%) and GC + MTX (53%) (p = 0.082). In the GC + MTX group, the REACT-G was lower with higher doses of MTX (p = 0.009). In the multivariate analysis, the use of GC + TCZ was the only independent protective factor against REACT-G (p = 0.038). The cumulative GC dose at 78 weeks was higher in the GCmono group (7143.7 ± 2977.7 mg) than in GC + MTX group (5273.2 ± 1745.3 mg; p = 0.032) and GC + TCZ group (3733.9 ± 2286.8 mg; p = 0.005). In the multivariate analysis, only the GC + TCZ group accumulated significantly lower GC doses (p = 0.034).

Conclusions

Compared with GCmono, GC + TCZ combination was associated with a significant reduction in REACT-G events in the multivariate analysis and a lower cumulative dose of GC at 78 weeks. The benefit of GC + MTX was moderate and, like the prevention of REACT-G events, appears to be dose-dependent.

Keywords:
Giant cell arteritis
Glucocorticoids
Methotrexate
Tocilizumab
REACT-G
Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivo

El tratamiento clásico de la arteritis de células gigantes (ACG) se basa en glucocorticoides (GC), cuyo uso prolongado genera efectos adversos. Por ello, se emplean fármacos ahorradores de GC, con escasos estudios comparativos directos. Evaluamos la eficacia y seguridad de GC en monoterapia (GCmono), GC con metotrexato (GC + MTX) y GC con tocilizumab (GC + TCZ).

Métodos

Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo de pacientes con ACG. Se definió un objetivo combinado (REACT-G) que englobaba recaídas, infecciones graves y eventos adversos relacionados con GC a 78 semanas y se analizó la dosis acumulada de GC.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 52 pacientes; 15 recibieron GCmono, 30 GC + MTX y 7 GC + TCZ. El objetivo REACT-G ocurrió en 27 pacientes, principalmente por recaídas. GC + TCZ asoció una menor tasa REACT-G (14%) que GCmono (67%) y GC + MTX (53%) (p = 0,082). En el grupo GC + MTX, el REACT-G fue menor con dosis de MTX superiores (p = 0,009). En el análisis multivariante, el uso de GC + TCZ fue el único factor protector independiente frente a REACT-G (p = 0,038). La dosis acumulada de GC a 78 semanas fue mayor en el grupo GCmono (7143,7 ± 2977,7 mg) respecto a GC + MTX (5273,2 ± 1745,3 mg; p = 0,032) y GC + TCZ (3733,9 ± 2286,8 mg; p = 0,005). En el análisis multivariante, solo el grupo GC + TCZ acumuló significativamente menos GC (p = 0,034).

Conclusiones

Frente a GCmono, la combinación GC + TCZ se asoció con una reducción significativa de eventos REACT-G en el análisis multivariante y una menor dosis de GC acumulada a 78 semanas. El beneficio de GC + MTX fue moderado y, al igual que la prevención de eventos REACT-G, parece dosis-dependiente.

Palabras clave:
Arteritis de células gigantes
Glucocorticoides
Metotrexato
Tocilizumab
REACT-G

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