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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Clinical characteristics and factors associated with dysphagia in idiopathic inf...
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Clinical characteristics and factors associated with dysphagia in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: A cross-sectional observational study

Características clínicas y factores asociados a la disfagia en la miositis inflamatoria idiopática: un estudio observacional transversal
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Biwei Pei
Corresponding author
lg19860925@163.com

Corresponding author.
, Yan Teng, Dandan Dong, Lingquan Liu
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ma’anshan People's Hospital, Ma’anshan 243000, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Objective

To investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) patients with dysphagia and determine associated factors.

Methods

We conducted an observational study of 96 patients with IIM in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology at Ma’anshan People's Hospital from September 2019 to June 2024, whose swallowing function was assessed and recorded. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were compared between patients with and without dysphagia in this cross-sectional study. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with dysphagia in patients with IIM.

Results

Among the 96 patients with IIM, 20 (21%) experienced dysphagia. The incidence was 2 of 9 patients (22%) with polymyositis, 12 of 54 patients (22%) with dermatomyositis, 2 of 27 patients (7%) with antisynthetase syndrome, and 4 of 6 patients (67%) with immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), with significant differences (P=0.015). Patients with dysphagia exhibited significantly higher levels of creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase, serum ferritin, rates of concomitant tumor, and positivity for autoantibodies directed against transcription intermediary factor 1-γ (anti-TIF1γ) and against the signal recognition particle (anti-SRP) than those without (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that anti-SRP antibodies, anti-TIF1γ antibodies, concomitant tumor, and elevated CK-MB levels were independent risk factors for the development of dysphagia in patients with IIM. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis demonstrated that the areas under the curve (AUC) for anti-TIF1γ antibody, concomitant tumor, and CK-MB levels alone in predicting dysphagia in IIM patients were 0.699, 0.759, and 0.656, respectively. The combined predictive model yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.914.

Conclusion

Dysphagia is not rare in patients with IIM. It is important to be vigilant for the occurrence of dysphagia in IIM patients positive for anti-SRP antibodies, anti-TIFγ antibodies, concomitant tumors, and elevated CK-MB levels. Anti-TIF1γ antibodies, concomitant tumors, and elevated CK-MB levels may have potential value in identifying IIM patients at higher risk of dysphagia.

Keywords:
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy
Dysphagia
Anti-TIF1γ antibody
Anti-SRP antibody
Tumor
Resumen
Objetivo

Investigar las características clínicas y de laboratorio de los pacientes con miopatía inflamatoria idiopática (MII) que presentan disfagia y determinar los factores asociados.

Métodos

Realizamos un estudio observacional con 96 pacientes diagnosticados de IIM en el Departamento de Reumatología e Inmunología del Hospital Popular de Ma’anshan entre septiembre de 2019 y junio de 2024, cuya función de deglución fue evaluada y registrada. En este estudio transversal, se compararon las características clínicas y de laboratorio entre pacientes con y sin disfagia. Se empleó un análisis de regresión logística para identificar los factores asociados a la disfagia en pacientes con IIM.

Resultados

De los 96 pacientes con MII, 20 (21%) presentaron disfagia. La incidencia fue de 2 de 9 pacientes (22%) con polimiositis, 12 de 54 pacientes (22%) con dermatomiositis, 2 de 27 pacientes (7%) con síndrome antisintetasa y 4 de 6 pacientes (67%) con miopatía necrotizante mediada inmunológicamente (IMNM), con diferencias significativas (P=0,015). Los pacientes con disfagia exhibieron niveles significativamente más altos de isoenzima MB de creatina quinasa (CK-MB), deshidrogenasa láctica, ferritina sérica, tasas de tumor concomitante y positividad para autoanticuerpos dirigidos contra el factor intermedio de transcripción 1-γ (anti-TIF1γ) y contra la partícula de reconocimiento de señales (anti-SRP) en comparación con aquellos sin disfagia (todas P<0,05). El análisis de regresión logística indicó que los anticuerpos anti-SRP, anti-TIF1γ, el tumor concomitante y los niveles elevados de CK-MB fueron factores de riesgo independientes para el desarrollo de disfagia en pacientes con MII. El análisis de la curva ROC demostró que las áreas bajo la curva (AUC) para el anticuerpo anti-TIF1γ, el tumor concomitante y los niveles de CK-MB solos en la predicción de disfagia en pacientes con MII fueron 0,699, 0,759 y 0,656, respectivamente. La AUC de la combinación de estos tres indicadores fue 0,914.

Conclusión

La disfagia no es infrecuente en pacientes con MII. Es importante estar alerta ante la aparición de disfagia en pacientes con MII positivos para anticuerpos anti-SRP, anti-TIF1γ, con tumor concomitante y niveles elevados de CK-MB. Los anticuerpos anti-TIF1γ, el tumor concomitante y los niveles elevados de CK-MB tienen cierto valor para predecir la disfagia en pacientes con MII.

Palabras clave:
Miopatía inflamatoria idiopática
Disfagia
Anticuerpo anti-TIF1γ
Anticuerpo anti-SRP
Tumor

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