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Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Association of lifestyle and metabolic factors with clinical performance in mult...
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Original article

Association of lifestyle and metabolic factors with clinical performance in multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional study

Asociación entre factores del estilo de vida y metabólicos con el rendimiento clínico en esclerosis múltiple: un estudio transversal
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Tiago Lerda-Casacciaa,1, Josef-Martin Mitterwallnerb,1, Wolfgang Hitzlc,d,e, Belinda Böhmf, Janne Cadamurog, Ursula Huber-Schönauerh, Michael Weichslera, Richard Friedrich Radlbergera, Peter Wipflera, Tobias Mosera,
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t.moser@salk.at

Corresponding author.
a Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, European Reference Network EpiCARE, Ignaz-Harrer-Straße 79, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
b Department of Internal Medicine, Kardinal Schwarzenberg Klinikum, Kardinal Schwarzenbergplatz 1, 5620 Schwarzach im Pongau, Austria
c Research Management (RM): Biostatistics and Publication of Clinical Studies Team, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
d Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
e Research Program Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
f Department for Health Sciences, Physiotherapy, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, Urstein Süd 1, 5412 Puch/Salzburg, Austria
g Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
h Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrinology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Abstract
Objectives

Optimizing brain health is increasingly recommended for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We investigated associations between modifiable lifestyle and metabolic factors with physical and cognitive performance in 101 MS patients.

Methods

In this prospective, cross-sectional, exploratory study, we assessed smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), lipid profiles (high-density lipoprotein, HDL; low-density lipoprotein, LDL; triglycerides), and vitamin levels (vitamin D, vitamin B12, and folic acid). Associations with upper limb function (Nine-Hole Peg Test, 9HPT), lower limb function (10-meter walking test; balance board), cognitive performance (Symbol Digit Modalities Test, SDMT), and employment (weekly working hours) were examined.

Results

Many patients showed potential for metabolic improvement, with abnormal levels observed in LDL (57%), triglycerides (27%), vitamin D (14%), vitamin B12 (7%), and folic acid (19%). Elevated BMI was found in 41% and 24% reported smoking. Pack-years were negatively associated with performance in the 10-meter walking test (r=−0.59, 95% CI: −0.81 to −0.23, p=0.003), and a higher BMI was linked to poorer balance (r=0.21, 95% CI: 0.01–0.4, p=0.042), while higher HDL levels correlated with preserved upper limb function (r=−0.21, 95% CI: −0.39 to −0.01, p=0.04). No consistent correlations were observed regarding vitamins. Performance in the SDMT and the 10-meter walking test were associated with unemployment.

Conclusions

Many MS patients exhibit dyslipidemia and obesity, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to enhance neurological resilience. Our cross-sectional analysis indicates that smoking, low HDL, and higher BMI may have adverse clinical effects in MS.

Keywords:
Multiple sclerosis
Outcomes
Lifestyle
Smoking
Vitamins
Lipids
Employment
Resumen
Objetivos

La optimización de la salud cerebral es cada vez más recomendada para pacientes con esclerosis múltiple (EM). Investigamos las asociaciones entre factores de riesgo modificables del estilo de vida y metabólicos con el rendimiento físico y cognitivo en 101 pacientes con EM.

Métodos

En este estudio prospectivo, transversal y exploratorio, evaluamos el consumo de tabaco, el consumo de alcohol, el índice de masa corporal (IMC), los perfiles lipídicos (lipoproteínas de alta densidad, HDL; lipoproteínas de baja densidad, LDL; triglicéridos) y los niveles vitamínicos (vitamina D, vitamina B12 y ácido fólico). Examinamos las asociaciones con la función motora de los miembros superiores (Nine-Hole Peg Test, 9HPT), la función motora de los miembros inferiores (prueba de marcha de 10 metros; plataforma de equilibrio), el rendimiento cognitivo (Symbol Digit Modalities Test, SDMT) y el empleo (horas trabajadas por semana).

Resultados

Muchos pacientes mostraron un potencial de mejoría metabólica, con niveles anormales de LDL (57%), triglicéridos (27%), vitamina D (14%), vitamina B12 (7%) y ácido fólico (19%). Un IMC elevado se observó en el 41% y un 24% informó ser fumador. El índice paquetes-año (pack-years) fue asociado negativamente con el rendimiento en la prueba de marcha de 10 metros (r=-0.59; IC del 95%: -0.81 a -0.23; p=0.003). Un IMC más alto fue correlacionado con peor equilibrio (r=0.21; IC del 95%: 0.01 a 0.4; p=0.042), mientras que niveles más elevados de HDL se correlacionaron con una mejor preservación de la función motora del miembro superior (r=-0.21; IC del 95%: -0.39 a -0.01; p=0.04). No se observaron correlaciones consistentes en relación con las vitaminas. El rendimiento en el SDMT y en la prueba de marcha de 10 metros se asoció con desempleo.

Conclusión

Muchos pacientes con EM presentan dislipidemia y obesidad, lo que resalta la necesidad de intervenciones dirigidas para fortalecer la resiliencia neurológica. Nuestro análisis transversal indica que fumar, tener niveles bajos de HDL y un IMC elevado pueden ejercer efectos clínicos adversos en la EM.

Palabras clave:
Esclerosis múltiple
Rendimiento
Estilo de vida
Tabaquismo
Vitaminas
Lípidos
Empleo

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