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Journal of Healthcare Quality Research The antimicrobial treatment guidelines quality and reporting assessment: A syste...
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Vol. 41. Issue 4.
(July - August 2026)
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Vol. 41. Issue 4.
(July - August 2026)
Review

The antimicrobial treatment guidelines quality and reporting assessment: A systematic review

Evaluación de la calidad y el reporte de las guías de tratamiento antimicrobiano: una revisión sistemática
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A. Homs-Estéveza,1, I. García-Giménezb,1, M. Durán-Luquea,c,
Corresponding author
mariaduranluq@gmail.com

Corresponding author at: Corresponding author.
, A. Bueno-Cavanillasa,c,d, M.E. Velasco Garcíae, L. Yunquera-Romerof, M.Á. Allende Bandrésg, M. Murillo-Izquierdoh, S. Sadyrbaeva-Dolgovad,i, M. Beltrán-Garcíaj, L. Arteche Eguizabalk, E. Tévar-Alfonsol, B. Torroba-Sanzm, L. Periañez-Párragan, M. Nuñez-Nuñezd,o
a University of Granada, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Spain
b University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Pharmacy Department, Badalona, Spain
c Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
d Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.Granada), Granada, Spain
e University of Granada, Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Granada, Spain
f University Hospital Regional de Málaga, Pharmacy Department, Spain
g University Hospital Clínico Lozano Blesa, Pharmacy Department, Zaragoza, Spain
h Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Badajoz, Pharmacy Department, Badajoz, Spain
i University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Pharmacy Department, Granada, Spain
j University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Pharmacy Department, Sevilla, Spain
k Debagoiena Integrated Health Care Organization, Pharmacy Department, Arrasate-Mondragón (Gipuzkoa), Spain
l University Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Pharmacy Department, Tenerife, Spain
m Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Pharmacy Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
n University Hospital Son Espases, Pharmacy Department, Mallorca, Spain
o University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Pharmacy Department, Granada, Spain
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Abstract
Background and objective

Inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents accelerates the emergence and spread of resistance. Antimicrobial treatment guidelines (ATG) stand between evidence and clinical practice as they are designed to guide policy decision framework for all stakeholders promoting the prudent use of antimicrobials in bedside care. The trustworthiness of these decision-making instruments relies on their methodological quality and reporting. The aim of this systematic review is to critically appraise the methodological quality and reporting of antimicrobial treatment guidelines using the AGREE II, AGREE-REX tools and the RIGHT checklist respectively.

Materials and methods

A systematic review was conducted. ATGs from public institutions and hospitals with over 500 beds were identified through a systematic search using the Google search engine and by consulting members of the AFinf workgroup (https://gruposdetrabajo.sefh.es/afinf/en/). Screening and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Quality and reporting were assessed using the validated checklists AGREE II, AGREE REX and RIGHT. Central tendency, dispersion, and correlations were calculated and compared using Student's t-test. Results are de-identified. Prospective protocol: https://osf.io/cey2v

Results

N=22. The mean scores for AGREE II, AGREE-REX, and RIGHT were generally low: 31.0% (95% CI: 23.7%–38.3%), 20.4% (95% CI: 15.6%–25.1%), and 28.7% (95% CI: 23.4%–34.0%) respectively. Low rates were observed for development rigour (10.2%); reference existing reviews (4.6%); quality assurance (4.6%); conflict of interests disclosure (4.6%); values and preferences (1.9%) while clarity (94.8%) and implementability (37.7%) rated the highest. Strong correlations among AGREE II and AGREE-REX (corr=0.9092) and RIGHT (corr=0.9203).

Conclusion

There is room for improvement in the quality and reporting of current ATGs in Spain, especially at hospital level, where they have greater potential to optimize antibiotic prescribing practices.

Keywords:
Anti-infective agents
Practice guidelines as topic
Antimicrobial stewardship
Systematic review
Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivo

El uso inadecuado de agentes antimicrobianos acelera la aparición y propagación de resistencias. Las guías de tratamiento antimicrobiano (GTA) actúan como puente entre la evidencia y la práctica clínica, ya que están diseñadas para orientar el marco de decisión terapeútica de los distintos actores implicados y promover el uso prudente de antimicrobianos en el ámbito hospitalario. La fiabilidad de estos instrumentos de toma de decisiones depende de su calidad metodológica y de reporte. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la calidad metodológica y el reporte de las ATG hospitalarias en España mediante las herramientas AGREE II, AGREE-REX y la lista de verificación RIGHT.

Materiales y métodos

Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática. Se identificaron las GTA de instituciones públicas y hospitales con más de 500 camas en España mediante una búsqueda sistemática con el motor de búsqueda Google y consultando a los miembros del grupo de trabajo AFinf (https://gruposdetrabajo.sefh.es/afinf/en/). La selección y la extracción de datos se realizaron en duplicado. La calidad y el reporte se evaluaron utilizando las listas de verificación validadas AGREE II, AGREE REX y RIGHT. Se calcularon medidas de tendencia central, dispersión y correlaciones, comparándose mediante el test t de Student. Los resultados se presentan de forma pseudonimizada. Protocolo prospectivo: https://osf.io/cey2v

Resultados

N=22. Las puntuaciones medias de AGREE II, AGREE-REX y RIGHT fueron generalmente bajas: 31,0% (IC 95%: 23,7%–38,3%), 20,4% (IC 95%: 15,6%–25,1%) y 28,7% (IC 95%: 23,4%–34,0%), respectivamente. Las puntuaciones más bajas se observaron para el rigor del desarrollo (10,2%), referencia a revisiones existentes (4,6%), garantía de calidad (4,6%), declaración de conflictos de interés (4,6%) y consideración de valores y preferencias de los pacientes (1,9%). En contraste, la claridad (94,8%) y la aplicabilidad (37,7%) obtuvieron las puntuaciones más altas. Se hallaron fuertes correlaciones para AGREE II con AGREE-REX (corr=0,9092) y con RIGHT (corr=0,9203).

Conclusión

Existe un importante margen de mejora en la calidad y el reporte de las GTA actuales en España, especialmente a nivel hospitalario, donde mayor es su potencial para optimizar las prácticas de prescripción de antibióticos.

Palabras clave:
Antiinfecciosos
Guía de práctica clínica como asunto
Programas de optimización del uso de los antimicrobianos
Revisión sistemática

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